medieval-atlas/events-from-about-850-to-1460/143

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The civil wars 1639 to 1651 The Scottish army in Ireland. 1642-8. The army occupied north-east Ulster, with its headquarters at Carrickfergus. It was / If successful in preventing the Irish Catholic confederates from over-running all Ulster and destroying the Ulster plantation (a Scottish and English colony), but was defeated in the only major pitched battle it fought at Benburgh. The remnants of the army was dispersed in 1648 by forces of the English parliament after part of the army had left to join the Engagers' invasion of England. The Scottish army in England, 1644-7. The army played an important role in swinging the balance in the English civil war ;.. in favour of parliament, but failed to play the dominant role in defeating the king that the covenanters had hoped for. [1) The army crossed the border to England, 19 January 1644. [2) The army joined with the armies of the English parliament in defeating the royalist army of Prince Rupert at Marston Moor, 2 July 1644. [3) The army took part in the siege of York which surrendered 16 July 1644. [4) The army stormed Newcastle, 19 October 1644, and then quartered for the winter. [5) In 1645 the army was reluctant to venture south, as Montrose was defeating covenanting armies in Scotland, and there were fears that the king would try to break into Scotland to join him. In May and June it moved west to block a move north by the king. When the army did march south it left forces to help in the siege of Carlisle which surrendered on 28 June 1645. [6) After pausing at Nottingham, 22 June to 2 July, the army laid siege to Hereford on 30 July 1645 [7) Fears of a new attempt of Charles I to reach Scotland led to part of the army marching back north, and in September, the rest of the army followed on news of Montrose's victory at Kilsyth and the king's advance to Worcester. [8) In November 1645 the army moved south again (Montrose having been defeated at Philiphaugh) and laid siege to Newark. The siege lasted until May 1645 when the defeated king put himself in the hands of the Scots army and Newark surrendered. In February 1647 it moved back into Scotland, leaving the king to fall into the hands of the English parliament. ,,---The army of the Engagement (a treaty with the imprisoned king) crossed the Border on 8 July 1648, hoping to be joined ~ by English royalist forces and then rescue the king. But English royalist risings had already been defeated; and Cromwell routed the Engagers' army (led by the duke of Hamilton) at Preston. Remnants of the army, cut off from Scotland, retreated south before surrendering at Uttoxeter on 25 August. Cromwelllater led forces into Scotland to support the Kirk Party regime which overthew the Engagers after Preston. ,.....--Charles lI's despairing invasion of England, undertaken after the English invaders had outflanked his army at Stirling. The I Scots army left Stirling on 31 July 1651; while it marched through England to the west of the Pennines, Cromwell hastened his army south on the east catching the Scottish army and destroying it at Worcester on 3 September. The Scottish armies in England and Ireland 1642 to 1651 DS 143