medieval-atlas/events-from-about-850-to-1460/127

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Anglo-Scottish relations: the 'Rough Wooing' 1544 to 1550 The 'Rough Wooing' of 154410 1550 was the auempl by Henry VIII and the Prolector Somerset to force the Scollish government of the earl of Arran to agree 10 the betrothal of Mary. queen of Scals and Henry's son. Edward and thereby 10 unite the IWO monarchies dynastically. The normal p3l1em of warfare during the period 154-1 10 1546 was by raids into Scotland by English raiding panics based along the Marches. which caused considerable destruction from Dumfries 10 Hume and Coldingham. Even although the English briefly held some parts of Scotland. such as Lochmaben. Cacrlaverock. Threave and Langholm. the warfare remained confined to the Borders. The invasion of a large force in May 1544 destroyed Edinburgh. and Ihe invasion of Seplcmber 1545 ravaged the Merse and TeviOldale: bot the English rClired on the death of Henry VIII in January 15ol7 without achieving the marriage. Somerset realised that failure in that policy was due to the temporary nature ofthe pre.l;sure which had been put upon the Scots: he invaded SCOlland in September 1547 with a large army primarily 10 caplure slrongpoints. and not just to defeat the Scots. which he did in the great set-piece battle of Pinkie (10 September). The English fleet. which shadowed the English army as it moved towards Pinkie. then captured Inchcolm and Broughty Craig: and English forces were placed in them. At the same time another English anny invaded the south-west and by the end of the year Dumfries. Cockpool. Castlemilk and Lochwood were garrisoned by English troops. (These events are shown in the first map.) However. by Dccember 1547. French assistance for the Scots was beginning to arrive. Somerset resolved to strengthen greatly the Englio;h position in SCOIland. English invasions in the east and the we:-.t resulted in the capture of Haddington. Sahoun. Ormiston and Yester. Later. modem forts were built at Balgillo. Lauder and Haddington. lne mutu ally-protecting fons fonned what the English regarded as a pale. New forts were built at Dunglass (September 1548) and Fast castle (1549). But with the French reinforcements to the Scots. there was little the English could do to maintain their position: the English pale was pushed back: and the French entrenched themselves with garrisons and fonifications. a.

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