medieval-atlas/events-from-about-850-to-1460/121

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Anglo-Scottish relations: James IV and Governor Albany In the 14th century Scollish annics penetrated deep inlO England, bumingand looting as widely as possible ~ but avoiding strongho lds and moving rapidly 10 avoid English forces. With the development of effective siege Restalrig guns a different ~trategy could be adopted. and was by lames IV and after him by Governor Alban)'. Facing the SCOlS across their southern border was no fortification which. when effectively attacked. could be expected to hold out longer than a few days. With sufficienl manpower (0 blockade the chosen strongpoint and prevent relief from the neighbouring castles the Scots would hope 10 cap ture and demolish their objective and withdraw before a relief army arrived on the scene. If Ihis all look place In late summer or autumn the lateness ,..' of the year might deter the English from doing too much damage in Scotland in revenge. While Berwick was not actuallyanacked at this time the ~uccessful reduction of English 'iitronghoJds in the East Marches would have the effect of isolating it ...... and it can hard ly be doublCd that its ~Known route of the Scottish army ultimate recovery was a major for- Probable route of the Scottish army eign policy objective ofJames IV and -Border Albany. • P~ces on route o Other places Thi s strategy only o English towers destroyed by the Scots achieved any significant success in 1496 when Heaton Castle and several other lesser towcrhouses in the East Campaign of James IV 1496 Marches were destroyed and the host had time to withdraw before the arrival of the English army of relief. Scottish invasion forces ever, giving James ample time to reduce Owing to the time it took to get the artillery 10 the Border and the Norham and leading him on to the battlc which the strategy was e)(cellent quality ofTudor intelligence-gathering the Scots only had surely designed to avoid. Albany could only pursue Ihi, strategy four days to ply their guns against Healon. in 1523 thanks to substantial French aid in the fonn of merccnary In the campaign of 1497 Norham was subjected 10 a troops and money payments to the nobles but had only two days to bombardment of similar length but could not be captured. In 1513 bombard Wark, without success. His failure and the Ia.qing the English were surprisingly slow to react to one of the strongest impression of Aodden discredited this slrategy for good. Argyll and men of WHighlands Dumbarton Artillery from France

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