medieval-atlas/social-and-cultural/435

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The Crusades The Crusading movement had an impact which extended beyond the period of the Latin kingdom ofJerusalem (1099-1291) and which influenced many more people than the relatively small number of Scots who actually went on crusade. Its impact can be traced in oral tradition, propaganda, diplomacy, historiography in the endowment of religious institutions which had a crusading origin or raison d'etre, and in the survival and influence of these institution. The most notable of them were the Templars and Hospitallers but there also was a hospital of Bethlehemite canons at St Germains (East Lothian) a number of Trinitarian houses 'for the redemption of captives of the infidel' and endowments of the Lazarites and of the hospital of St Thomas of Acre. The crusading movement can be said to have had a significant art in bringing remote little Scotland into the fold of unified western Christendom in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries and thereafter the movement had a long history. • Malta There are traces of a Scottish presence on the first Crusade (1095-99) and thereafter on all the major 'passages' to the Holy Land in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. After the loss ofAcre (1291), Scots are found fighting the heathen in Spain, Egypt and Turkey, and between mid-fourteenth century and the battle of Tannenberg (1410) a good number of Scottish aristocrats journeyed to Konigsberg to fight with the Teutonic Knights. There is a welldocumented connection between Scotland and the Knights HospitaJlers, first at Rhodes (1310-1522) and thereafter at Malta (from 1530); not only were there Scottish brother of the order serving at the convent and administering its Scottish properties, but also there are a number ofexamples of Scottish laymen engaged in military service with the Knights The accompanying map shows some of the most important locations known to have been visited by Scots-engaged in crusading activities. Acre 1190, 1272 • • Jerusalem Alexandria 1099 1365 Damietta 1218, 1248 kms blq

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