medieval-atlas/the-church/361

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Lands and churches of the see of St Andrews The bishops of St Andrews were the lords of a far-flung and Some of the eight episcopal residences recorded by the extensive demesne. By the early thirteenth century their lands had early fourteenth century had been in existence since the twelfth a total value of £1,000, making them amongst the wealthiest magcentury (St Andrews castle and some others in east Fife, such as nates in Scotland. Inchmurdo), although the majority first appear in record in the At least some of the bishop's domain had come into their thirteenth century. William Lamberton (1297-1328) is said to have possession in Celtic times, many of the sites being ancient monastic built the residences at Muckhart, Stow and Kirkliston. centres or connected with important saints such as Ternan (Arbuthnott) The bishops had mensal and patronage rights in churches. and Cuthbert (Stow). These early lands almost certainly included The former meant that a stipendiary priest could be assigned to the the lands within the Boar's Raik (Cursus Apri), the ancientparochia church and the payments in kind due from the church were paid to the of St Andrews, as well as Monymusk, Keig, Loch Leven, Stow in bishop's mensa (table, or household). In the latter case the bishop had Wedale, Tyninghame and Broxmouth. Other early possessions the right to present to the living. This was a favourite way of probably includedEllon, Nigg, the kirkton ofArbuthnott, Inchbraoch maintaining episcopal servants such as archdeacons and officials. and the Abthane of Kinghorn. The vast majority of the bishop's remaining lands came by endowment during the twelfth-century reorganisation of the diocese along the customary lines of the western church. Other lands were lost, or granted to other religious corporations, such as the abbeys of Lindores and Arbroath. Around St Andrews itself there was considerable rearrangement oflands and rights between the bishop, the culdees and the chapter ofAugustinian canons founded by bishop Robert. The 'Norman' bishops of the twelfth century also created a system of secular administration for their lands. Under Bishop Robert (1127-59) a Aberdeen chamberlain was introduced to take overall charge ofthe bishop's estates. By the end of the twelfth century two seneschals appear, acting under the. chamberlain and in charge of the bishop's estates north and south ofthe Forth; in the early thirteenth century a third one was intro duced so that the three were in charge of, respectively, Lothian, Fife and Fothrif, and the scattered estates north ofthe lb~ 0 CO Tay. Under these seneschals were local bailies who usually \ 18 140 operated from an episcopal residence, although by 1300 in ---0 190 become hereditary with local families. 21 some areas (such as Tyninghame) the office of bailie had ).16 17 12 I 2 Culsalmond Ellon 43 44 Tarvit Moonzie 22 CD Monkeigie IGlmany (now Keithhall) Dairsie OBO IGnkell Kemback Keig St Andrews Monymusk Castle Dyce Dunino Nigg Inchmurdo Craighton IGlrenny Durris Pitcorthie 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Banchory Arbuthnott Kinneff Benholm Dalbog Newdosk Fettercaim Aberluthnot Rescobi Kinnell IGnnettles Meathie 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 Scoonie Methil Dysart Abthane of --,-39 OB ./ 45/": 0 -:Y 44.. 46~# 41 U tD. -' OB?_P 'i:J47 '\ ~". -043t ' 0 40/-......55 56 0 ./ ./ .", .", .", o Lands or revenues o Church in bishop's patronage • Mensai church o Episcopal residence B Bailiary Boundary of dioceses Boundary of archdeaconries Boundary of deaneries Boundary of Boar's Raik o I kms I 25 I I 26 27 Idvies Inverarity 10 miles Blairgowrie Nevay Kettins Luncarty Coli ace IGlspindie Rossie Strathmartine Balmuir Pourie Lasswade Forteviot Gullane Loch Leven Bass Rock (or Bishopshire) IGrkforthar 69 70 Tyninghame Broxmouth Monimail Stow in Wedale Cults Nenthom Lands and churches of the bishops of St Andrews about 1300 MA 361

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