medieval-atlas/the-church/340

Transcription

Monastic orders Monasticism which followed in the footstep of the first Christian missionaries was apparently fLrst introduced into Scotland in the fifth century, but by the mid-eleventh century communities survived at best at Iona and possibly Turriff; elsewhere so-called monasteries approximated more closely to minsters consisting of secular clerks. The arrival in Scotland ofthe Saxon princess, Margaret, who in 10689 married Malcolm III (1057-93) paved the way for the introduction of monastic ism of the medieval type. To this end before 1089, Lanfranc, archbishop of Canterbury, at Queen Margaret's request, sent three Benedictine monks to Dunfermline where they established a priory. By this step the queen inaugurated a policy ofencouraging the establishment of monastic orders, a course of action which was to be developed by her three sons, Edgar, Alexander and David, who ruled between 1097 and 1153. During these years Augustinian canons, Tironensian and Cistercian monks, inspired directly or indirectly by reformed orders in France,joined the Benedictines. In addition to royal foundations, the Augustinian priory of St Andrews (1144) was established by the bishop of that see; and a house of Premonstratensians was founded at Dryburgh (1150) by Hugh de Morville. Royal generosity, however, endowed the earliest Scottish nunnery at Berwick upon Tweed (before 1153) and also introduced the military orders, the Knights Templars and the Hospitallers. David's foundations were widely distributed from the Borders to the Moray firth, from Lothian to Galloway. Succeeding rulers and magnates followed David's example and the existing orders continued to expand. Many foundations of these orders took place in outlying parts of the kingdom through the influence of local potentates. Successive lords of Galloway established Premonstratensians at Soulseat (by I 161) (and perhaps Whithom by 1175) as well as at Tongland and Cistercians at Glenluce (1191-2), while the Benedictine nunnery at Lincluden (by 1174) is said to have been founded by Uchtred, son of Fergus of Galloway. Again the Benedictine abbey (by 1203) and the Augustinian nunnery (by 1208) oflona and the Cistercian house of Saddell in Kintyre had as their founder Reginald son of Somerled, lord of the Isles. Waiter Fitzalan brought Cluniacs initially to Renfrew and then, to Paisley by 1169. Equally significantly the order of the Val des Choux (Vallis Caulium) was introduced in 1230 and established by the king at Pluscarden (1230-1). Contemporaneously two other Valliscaulian houses -Ardchattan and Beauly -were founded in isolated regions in the north and west of Scotland. / Coupar Angus.r----' jYArbroath Per BalmjinO ~Rh~~~ore~ ~Gadvanl ~O lsleOfMay Dunfermline ~ulross Renfrew~_ Paisley K·I·· ~-'"' ~ I winning ~Lesmahagow Mauchli: / r ~)Lt(:> Sweetheart Abbey So"a., ~ ~ ~ • Benedictine Monks Dissolved before 1560 0 D""Z" ~ "Order of Tiron ~ ~ I' Order of Cluny ~ o Cistercian Monks CD kmse Valliscaulian ~ o 25 50 75 100 Z Carthusian I o 10 20 30 40 50 60 Symbols in brackets indicate small or indefinite foundations miles Monastic orders and nunneries I IBC 340

  Transcribers who have contributed to this page.

None