medieval-atlas/economic-development/270

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Scottish trade in the seventeenth century Although the printed Exchequer Rolls series ends in 1599, the portant enough to be kept in a separate register, are not reflected in the continuing dominant role played by Edinburgh, which by the 1590s figures given here. In the Baltic, grain, dyes, iron and wax were paid 72% of all customs on exports, is revealed in port books which purchased. Cloth, shipped from London, was the main import from survive for a few years of the early seventeenth century. Export lists England. Scandinavia, and especially Norway, provided raw materials survive for Leith for 1611-12 and 1626-8; imports lists exist for like timber, pitch and tar, and iron. The map shows all the ports with 1621-3 andI636-9. The traditional two-fold pattern of Scottish which Leith traded in the period, both exporting and importing. foreign trade continued, with both parts largely dominated by Edinburgh merchants: hides, fells, skins, coal and fish from all parts of Scotland flowed out, at record levels, and lUXUry goods and raw materials entered, in increasing volume. In the trade boom of the 1620s and 1630s, traditional ex ports reached unprecedented levels. London increased markedly in importance, although the staple {j Derry Konigsberg Braunsberg port of Veere still figured as the Danzig main destination for exports. Cloth and herring were still exported to Baltic ports like Konigsberg. Plaiding, herring and fells were sent to Dieppe, but also to Newha ven, La Rochelle and elsewhere in France. The figures for trade with France in 1626-8 are usually low, caused by the hostilities with Eng land. Dutch and French ports provided a rich variety of lUXUry goods, ranging from cloth, spices and paper to glassware, but the wine ships from Bordeaux, im- Aveiro European ports Cadiz France 41.2% Netherlands 22.3% Scandinavia & N.W. Germany 15.3% England 10.6% .::: Netherlands 37.8% Baltic 3.5% England 36.7% Other 7.1% Baltic 8.9% = .' Scandinavia & N.W. Germany 7.2% .... France 5% Other 4.4% Destination of all ships from Leith 1611 to 1628 1611 to 1612 -::~ Netherlands 41.9% .. Baltic 15.7% .' Scandinavia & N.W. Germany 14.7% France 14.2% .' Scandinavia & N.W. Germany 30.5% England 8.0% Other 5.5% France 28.1 % :::: Netherlands 17.5% Baltic 15.3% England 6.8% Other 1.8% Origin of all ships to Leith 1621 to 1639 1621 to 1623 Edinburgh shipping 1611 to 1639 1636 to 1639 270

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