medieval-atlas/economic-development/262

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Trade with northern Europe: Scottish ports By the later thirteenth century merchants from western Germany were visiting Scotland. Little is known about their trade, though they probably shipped wool, wooJneeces and hides to the Low Countries. Although Germans traded in ScoLland throughout the Wars of Independence, they appear to have been displaced by Scottish merchants from the 1330s. With the opening of the Sound to shipping in the I 380s, direct contact between Scotland and the Baltic became possible. Skins, hides, cheap cloth and salt were exported to the Baltic anQ became the principal ingredients ofthe Kramerwaren sold by Scottish pedlars in the eastern Baltic from the later fifteenth Before 1350 ~ r ~}/fI' ~RI ~11 century. By then, Bremen and Hamburg merchants were visiting Shetland in search offish, in contravention ofordinances made by the kings of Norway which also applied to Orkney. As trade expanded in the sixteenth century. skins continued to dominate exports to the Baltic, though herring, coal and salt, sent from the Forth burghs. increased in importance. Some cloth was still exported and, from the I 580s, wool was sent to Sweden. Despite periodic slumps in their relative importance, all these commodities were shipped to the Baltic in the seventeenth century. In addition, orway particularly began to import Scottish grain. T:\fp €!jRl perth~ndee StAndrews • ~tirling /Cupar inlithgow ~r->..-Dunbar '-............. . Edinburgh Haddlngton :,~erwick upon ... T 1350 to 1500 ~ r f/fl' ~~wall ~11 !Th~ so -"''---'_.-J'-,....Fraserburgh Banff Pelemead 1500 to 1600 1600 to 1700 Scottish trade with Europe: Scottish ports DDi 262

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