medieval-atlas/economic-development/248

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Foreign traffic and bullion exports 1331 to 1333 In 1330 duty was introduced on English-owned goods at a rate of4d in the £ ( 1.67), perhaps as a belated reaction to the £20,000 indemnity paid to England between 1328 and 1330 as a 'contribution for peace'. In 1331 duty was also introduced on bullion exports, at a rate of 12d in the £ (5%), because of an adverse trade balance and fears about a loss ofcoinage. Both of these new duties were initially levied along with the Petty Customs and returns were made by the burgh authorities rather than by customs officials (see below, Burgh farms). Returns for 1331 have therefore survived from Haddington, Banff and Inverness, which did not at that time submit customs accounts to the Exchequer. For some reason, the new duty on bullion exports ~ U • Inverness o Zero values 0.90 Values too small to register on bar chart ? Values not known seems not to have been levied at Scotland's principal port, Berwick. Collection practices also seemed to have varied at other burghs. Berwick had much the largest volume of English traffic, but a total value of £ 1.270 over two years is perhaps lower than might have been expected. There seem to have been little English trade and few bullion exports through Perth; most such traffic pa sed through Dundee. Surprisingly, as important in the central region was [nverkeithing. which seems have focused almost exclusively on English trade and may almost have acted as an English factory. The returns from Lnverkeithing were higher than those from either Edinburgh or Aberdeen. which were the only other major returning burghs. % erwick upon Tweed~ kms o 25 50 75 100 , ,, , , , [ , o 10 20 30 40 50 60 miles English traffic and bullion exports 1331 to 1333 ASt 248

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