medieval-atlas/economic-development/231
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Economic development Burghs Scottish burghal status was divided into three types: royal, ecclesiastical and baronial, depending on whether the overlord was the king, an abbot or bishop or a magnate. The earliest burghs were founded by the king, but soon the Crown allowed others to found their own burghs. The fir t ecclesiastical burghs of which we have recordsareStAndrews(I140x I 153)andCanongate(1143x 1147). Prestwick (1165 x 1173) was the first to be founded as a baronial burgh. Between 1430 and I 530there was an escalation in the number ofburgh foundations compared with earlier centuries. Perhaps more significant was the increasing number of burghs of barony, whether 1 Kinghom 2 Inverkeithing 3 Queensferry (South) 4 Canongate 5 Musselburgh • Royal burghs -Baronial burghs /jrCullen .~ _ El In -Banff ~Rosemarkie ~ ,-Forres Rattray Dingwall Nairn ~ Inverness A Fyvie Inverurie _ Newburgh Inverbervie '-"..r-r~"'--''' Montrose • Forfar ~Arbroath Perth /:;JID}lndee ~Newbur~ Auchterarder. • St Andrews ---.....r\ Cupar Ai . Dunblane.Q ~/-Crall SlIr1ing .-Kirkcaldy • Selkirk Kel~o / ~~:'5lbU~~h Staplegorton ? Innermessan \f:i9!OWn kms o 50 75 100 ;' . i ecclesiastical or secular. Such 'unfree' burghs were not granted rural hinterlands where they might monopolise or control trade; they had no inherent right to be represented in parliament, but consequently were not liable for cess (except in so far as they contributed as part of a shrieval levy), and they might not, officially, participate in overseas trade. These burghs might be raised to royal status, as was Pittenweem(founded in 1525), in 1541.The five greater ecclesiastical burghs -St Andrews,Glasgow, Brechin, Arbroath and Dunfermline -not only enjoyed the same trading privileges as royal burghs, but also paid taxation and were represented in the Convention of Royal Burghs. Cromarty~ C Ecclesiastical burghs o 10 20 30 40 50 60 miles ? Burghs whose functioning IS questionable EPD,EE Status of burghs in 1430 231Transcribers who have contributed to this page.
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Aberdeenshire County, Angus County, Argyll County, Ayrshire County, Banffshire County, Berwickshire County, Buteshire County, Caithness County, Clackmannanshire County, Cromarty County, Dumfriesshire County, Dunbartonshire County, East Lothian County, Fife County, Inverness-shire County, Kincardineshire County, Kinross-shire County, Kirkcudbrightshire County, Lanarkshire County, Midlothian County, Morayshire County, Nairnshire County, Orkney County, Peeblesshire County, Perthshire County, Renfrewshire County, Ross County, Ross And Cromarty County, Roxburghshire County, Selkirkshire County, Shetland County, Stirlingshire County, Sutherland County, West Lothian County, Wigtownshire County