medieval-atlas/economic-development/231

Transcription

Economic development Burghs Scottish burghal status was divided into three types: royal, ecclesiastical and baronial, depending on whether the overlord was the king, an abbot or bishop or a magnate. The earliest burghs were founded by the king, but soon the Crown allowed others to found their own burghs. The fir t ecclesiastical burghs of which we have recordsareStAndrews(I140x I 153)andCanongate(1143x 1147). Prestwick (1165 x 1173) was the first to be founded as a baronial burgh. Between 1430 and I 530there was an escalation in the number ofburgh foundations compared with earlier centuries. Perhaps more significant was the increasing number of burghs of barony, whether 1 Kinghom 2 Inverkeithing 3 Queensferry (South) 4 Canongate 5 Musselburgh • Royal burghs -Baronial burghs /jrCullen .~ _ El In -Banff ~Rosemarkie ~ ,-Forres Rattray Dingwall Nairn ~ Inverness A Fyvie Inverurie _ Newburgh Inverbervie '-"..r-r~"'--''' Montrose • Forfar ~Arbroath Perth /:;JID}lndee ~Newbur~ Auchterarder. • St Andrews ---.....r\ Cupar Ai . Dunblane.Q ~/-Crall SlIr1ing .-Kirkcaldy • Selkirk Kel~o / ~~:'5lbU~~h Staplegorton ? Innermessan \f:i9!OWn kms o 50 75 100 ;' . i ecclesiastical or secular. Such 'unfree' burghs were not granted rural hinterlands where they might monopolise or control trade; they had no inherent right to be represented in parliament, but consequently were not liable for cess (except in so far as they contributed as part of a shrieval levy), and they might not, officially, participate in overseas trade. These burghs might be raised to royal status, as was Pittenweem(founded in 1525), in 1541.The five greater ecclesiastical burghs -St Andrews,Glasgow, Brechin, Arbroath and Dunfermline -not only enjoyed the same trading privileges as royal burghs, but also paid taxation and were represented in the Convention of Royal Burghs. Cromarty~ C Ecclesiastical burghs o 10 20 30 40 50 60 miles ? Burghs whose functioning IS questionable EPD,EE Status of burghs in 1430 231

  Transcribers who have contributed to this page.

None