medieval-atlas/events-from-about-850-to-1460/138

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The civil wars 1639 to 1651 This map depicts Charles' strategy for subduing the Scots in the first (on the second occasion by a landing from ships sent from England). bishops' war of 1639 -and its failure. Grandiose plans for coordinatbut this was all the success that the royalists could boast. The ing invasions by sea and land, from both England and Ireland, with invasions from Ireland failed to materialise. the shores ofthe Firth of royalist risings in northern Scotland were almost uniformly unsucForth were too strongly held by the covenanters for a landing to be cessful. The covenanters took the initiative in March by seizing risked, and the king's army on the border was too weak to invade. (without bloodshed) nearly all the castles held for the king and by When in June the covenanters threateningly advanced their main sending forces to occupy Aberdeen and Arran. The royalists of the army to Duns, the king agreed to open negotiation, for peace, and the north-east twice managed to gain temporary possession ofAberdeen pacification of Berwick was signed on 18 June. Royalist theory: Charles I's strategy ~ ~ ,-----------, ----~ Proposed royalist invasions and advances [1] Main army to cross the Border from England [2] Marquis of Hamilton to land troops on shores of the Firth of Forth [3] Help to be sent by sea to the royalist of the north-east [4] Royalists in the north-east to advance southwards [5] Anti-covenanter Highland clans to rise in arms ~~ [6] Earl of Arntrim to lead invasion of Argyll [7] Irish forces raised by Lord Wentworth to seize Arran and Dumbarton castle Royalist practice Places held for the king • Movements of royalist forces (1 ) English forces temporarily occupy Duns, 25 April (2) Hamiltons's fleet enters Firth of Forth, 1 May, but fails to land troops (3) Royalists drive covenanters from Turriff and occupy Aberdeen, 14,15 May (4) Earl of Aboyne and royalists land and occupy Aberdeen, 6 June (5) English forces advance towards Kelso, but then retire, 3 June Covenanters' response o Places held for the king but seized or occupied by the covenanters (with dates) ...............~ Movements of covenanting forces (A) Covenanting armies occupy Aberdeen, 30 March, 23 May and (after the battle of the Bridge of Dee outside the burgh) 18 June , [3] (B) Main covenanting army advances to Duns, 5 June \ (4) \ \ ~Pfi!! \ \ [6]/ \ \ kms 0 25 50 100 ! 7.5 t ,, , 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 miles The first bishops' war 1639 DS 138

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