east-lothian-1924/05-023

Transcription

INVENTORY OF MONUMENTS IN EAST LOTHIAN.

Baile na ghobhan " Smith-town "), Garvald (garbh-allt " rough stream "),
Drem or ' Drym' ¹ (druim, " ridge "), Castle Tarbet on Fidra and others.
This diffusion of tenth and eleventh century Gælic names overlies the early
English ham and ton names, as these did the older British ones. The com-
bination of personal names like Gillecalum or Malcolm in the English possessive
case with the English ending ' ton ' shows the mixture of population - Gælic
lords with English-speaking tenantry. This, however, does not apply to the
case of Macbeth of Liberton's contemporary Thor of " Travernent " or Tranent,
these two being found together as witnesses of charters between 1127 and
1144. ² Thor's steward (dapifer), also a witness, bore the obvious Gælic name
" Gilandreas."
Other personages who are found to act as witnesses at the same period
as Macbeth and Thor show a further infusion among the landholders of Lothian,
these being Normans introduced by King David himself. William de Graham
was probably of Dalkeith, but Hugh de Moreville and William de Lindesay
were East Lothian magnates.
The most important of this new band of immigrants from the south was
Gospatrick, referred to above, who, after being stripped of his earldom of
Northumberland by William, settled in southern Scotland in 1072, receiving
from Malcolm Canmore Dunbar with the lands adjacent in Lothian. ³ Under
the old significance of Lothian these included lands in the Merse of Berwick-
shire. Gospatrick ⁴ was the founder of the long line of Earls of Dunbar, later
also Earls of March, ⁵ which persisted till early in the fifteenth century, when
the second George, 11th Earl of Dunbar and 4th of March, was in January
1435 forfeited by James I. " for the fault of his father," ⁶ and with him this
line of earls ceased. The family appears to have continued on a small estate
in Fife till the reign of Queen Mary, when the last male died without issue.
The infusion of Normans proper into Lothian and Scotland generally was
due mainly to David I. and his immediate successors Malcolm IV. and William
the Lion. Thus of the names already mentioned Walter de ' Lyndeseia ' or
Lindsay is the first known here, being one of the witnesses to the foundation
charter of the Abbey of Selkirk in 1120 as well as to the Inquisitio (Glasgow)
for King David in 1124. In the time of William the Lion there was a David
Lindsay of Luffness, ⁷ but before 1296 Luffness was held of Edward of England
by Robert de Pinkney, while the castle, with lands in Ballencrieff, was set by
him to John de Bickerton (" Biggerton "). Henry de " Pynkeneye " was himself
in occupation of the castle between 1300 and 1307, having had it from Edward

1 Cal. Docts iii., p. 339 &c.
2 In the charter by David I. c. 1141 granting Clerkington (" Clerchtune ") to the church of
St. Mary at Haddington appear, among others, William de Graham, Osbert prior of Edinburgh,
Macbeth (" Malbet ") of Liberton, " Gillandris (Gille of Andrew) filius Oggu " and " Gille (andris)
filius Mercheh " &c. In " filius Oggu " we have a mixing of peoples just as we have in ' Horm
(Orm) fil(ius) Malcolm ' among the witnesses of a charter of the same reign. Scandinavian
names were to be found among even purely English families. Filius=Mac.
3 In Lodoneis. Sym. Dur. Hist. Reg. § 159.
4 " Servant of Patrick." Welsh gwas - servant or devotee - Gælic gille.
5 Hemingburgh s.a. 1296 says the Earl of Dunbar was commonly (vulgariter) known as the
Earl of March.
6 Scotich. Lib. xvi., cap. xxiv ; cf. p. xxvii.
7 Reg. de Neubotle No. 210.

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