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ARGYLL
Volume 1
Kintyre
THE ROYAL COMMISSION ON THE ANCIENT
AND HISTORICAL MONUMENTS OF SCOTLAND |
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The Royal Commission
of the Ancient & Historical
Monuments of Scotland
[note]
6313
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[note]
TT |
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ARGYLL
VOLUME 1 KINTYRE |
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[photograph inserted]
PLATE 1 HEAD OF LATE MEDIEVAL CROSS, CAMPBELTOWN (265); front view |
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[coat of arms]
ARGYLL
AN INVENTORY OF THE ANCIENT MONUMENTS
Volume 1
KINTYRE
THE ROYAL COMMISSION ON THE
ANCIENT AND HISTORICAL MONUMENTS OF SCOTLAND
1971 |
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© Crown copyright 1971
SBN 11 490650 5
Printed in Scotland for Her Majesty's Stationery Office
by Robert MacLehose and Co. Ltd., The University Press, Glasgow
Dd. 230323/2541 K 10 |
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CONTENTS
-- Page
Table of Figures -- vii
Table of Plates -- xiii
Chairman's Preface -- xxi
List of Commissioners -- xxii
Royal Warrant -- xxiii
Eighteenth Report -- xxv
List of Monuments which the Commissioners consider to be
most worthy of preservation -- xxix
Register of Monuments by Civil Parishes -- xxxiii
Abbreviations used in the References -- xxxiv
Editorial Notes -- xliii
Conversion Tables, Metric to British values -- xlv
Introduction -- I
Inventory of the Ancient and Historical Monuments
of Kintyre
Chambered Cairns -- 31
Cairns and Barrow -- 38
Burials and Cists -- 46
Cup-and-ring Markings -- 52
Standing Stones -- 62
Forts -- 64
Duns -- 77
Crannogs -- 94
Cave -- 96
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CONTENTS
-- Page
Ogam Stone -- 96
Viking Burial -- 97
Miscellaneous Earthworks and Enclosures -- 97
Motte -- 100
Ecclesiastical Monuments -- 100
Castles, Tower-houses and Fortifications -- 157
The Burgh of Campbeltown -- 184
Domestic Architecture from the 16th to the 19th century -- 187
Farms, Townships and Shielings -- 192
Industrial and Engineering Works -- 201
Bridges -- 206
Architectural Fragments, Carved Stones, Sundials, etc. -- 207
Quarries -- 209
Wells -- 209
Indeterminate Remains -- 210
Addenda -- 211
Armorial -- 213
Glossary -- 215
Index -- 221
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TABLE OF FIGURES
Fig. -- Title -- Page
1 -- Distribution map of Chambered Cairns and Cairns -- 7
2 -- Distribution map of Cists and Standing Stones -- 7
3 -- Distribution map of Bronze Age Pottery -- 11
4 -- Distribution map of Bronze Age metalwork -- 11
5 -- Distribution map of Cup-and-ring Markings -- 17
6 -- Distribution map of Forts and Duns -- 17
7 -- Comparative plans of medical churches in Kintyre: A. St. Columba's
Church, Southend (No. 300); B. Chapel, Cara (No. 268); C. Old
Parish Church, Kilchousland (No. 281); D. St. Ninian's Chapel,
Sanda (No. 301); E. Chapel, Killellan (No. 288); F. Old Parish
Church, Gigha (No. 276); G. Old Parish Church, Killean (No.
287); H. Old Parish Church, Kilkivan (No. 286); I. Old Parish
Church, Kilchenzie (No. 280); J. St. Columba's Chapel, Skipness
(p. 170); K. Kilbrannan Chapel, Skipness (No. 277) -- 23
8 -- Chambered cairn, Ardnacross 1 (No. 1) -- 31
9 -- Chambered cairn, Ardnacross 2 (No. 2); after J. G. Scott -- 31
10 -- Chambered cairn, Beacharr (No. 3); after J. G. Scott -- 32
11 -- Chambered cairn, Blasthill (No. 4) -- 33
12 -- Chambered cairn, Brackley (No. 5); after J. G. Scott -- 33
13 -- Chambered cairn, Glenreasdell Mains (No. 6) -- 34
14 -- Chambered cairn, Gort na h-Ulaidhe, Glen Lussa (No. 7) -- 35
15 -- Chambered cairn, Greenland (No. 8) -- 36
16 -- Chambered cairn, Lochorodale 1 (No. 9) -- 37
17 -- Chambered cairn, Lochorodale 2 (No. 10) -- 37
18 -- Chambered cairn, (probable), Macharioch (No. 11) -- 37
19 -- Cairn, Ardlamey, Gigha (No. 13) -- 38
20 -- Balnabraid cairn (No. 14) -- 39
21 -- Cairn, Càrn Bàn, Gigha (No. 19) -- 40
22 -- Cairn and barrow, Cnocan a' Chluig, Kilkivan (No. 21) -- 41
23 -- Cairn and standing stones, Kilkivan (No. 34) -- 44
24 -- Cists, Glenreasdell Mains (sites) (No. 70) -- 49
25 -- Cists, Kilmaho (sites) (No. 77); J. G. Scott -- 51
26 -- Cup-and-ring markings, Ballochroy (No. 89) -- 52
27 -- Cup-and-ring markings, Braids (No. 91) -- 53
28 -- Cup-and-ring markings, Drumnamucklach (No. 92) -- 54
29 -- Cup-and-ring markings, Drumnamucklach (No. 92) -- 54
30 -- Cup-and-ring markings, Drumnamucklach (No. 92) -- 55
31 -- Cup-and-ring markings, Killocraw (No. 95) -- 56
32 -- Cup-and-ring markings, Low Clachaig (No. 96) -- 57
33 -- Cup-and-ring markings, North Beachmore (No. 97) -- 58
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TABLE OF FIGURES
34 -- Standing stones, Escart (No. 143) -- 63
35 -- Fort, Achnaclach (No. 155) -- 65
36 -- Fort, Ballywilline Hill (No. 156) -- 65
37 -- Fort, Baraskomill (No. 157) -- 66
38 -- Forts, Bealloch Hill (No. 158) -- 66
39 -- Fort and dun, Belfield (No. 159) -- 66
40 -- Fort, Carradale Point (No. 160) -- 67
41 -- Fort, Cnoc Araich (No. 161) -- 68
42 -- Fort and dun, Cullan Doon (No. 162) -- 69
43 -- Fort, Dùnan (No. 163) -- 69
44 -- Fort, Dùn Chibhich, Gigha (No. 164) -- 70
45 -- Fort and duns, Dùn Skeig (No. 165) -- 70
46 -- Fort, Kildalloig (No. 166) -- 71
47 -- Fort, Kildonan Point (No. 167) -- 72
48 -- Fort, Killean (No. 168) -- 72
49 -- Fort, Killocraw (No. 169)
50 -- Fort, Knock Scalbart (No. 170) -- 73
51 -- Forts, Largiemore (No. 171) -- 73
52 -- Fort, Ranachan Hill (No. 173) -- 75
53 -- Fort, Ronachan Bay (No. 174) -- 76
54 -- Fort. Saddell (No. 175) -- 76
55 -- Fort, Sròn Uamha (No. 176) -- 76
56 -- Fort, Westport (No. 177) -- 77
57 -- Dun, Auchadaduie (No. 178) -- 77
58 -- Dun, Ballygroggan 1 (No. 180) -- 77
59 -- Dun, Ballywilline (No. 182) -- 78
60 -- Dun, Baraskomill (No. 183) -- 78
61 -- Dun, The Bastard (No. 184) -- 78
62 -- Dun, Bellochantuy (No. 185) -- 79
63 -- Dun, Blary (No. 186) -- 79
64 -- Dun, Borgadel Water (No. 187) -- 79
65 -- Dun, Cnoc Eibhleach (No. 188) -- 80
66 -- Dun, Cnoc Sabhail (No. 189) -- 80
67 -- Dun, Corputechan (No. 190) -- 80
68 -- Dun, Culinlongart (No. 191) -- 80
69 -- Dun, Dùn a' Bhuic (No. 192) -- 81
70 -- Dun, Dùn Ach' na h-Àtha (No. 193) -- 81
71 -- Dun, Dùnan an t-Seasgain, Gigha (No. 194) -- 81
72 -- Dun, Dùnan Breac (No. 195) -- 82
73 -- Dun, Dùnan Buidhe, Gigha (No. 196) -- 82
74 -- Dun, Dùnan Muasdale (No. 198) -- 82
75 -- Dun, Dùn an Trinnse, Gigha (No. 199) -- 82
76 -- Dun, Dùn Beachaire (No. 201) -- 83
77 -- Dun, Dùn Domhnuill (No. 202) -- 83
78 -- Dun, Dùn Fhinn (No. 203); after W. F. L. Bigwood -- 83
79 -- Dun, Dùn Mhic Choigil (No. 205) -- 84
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TABLE OF FIGURES
80 -- Dun, Dùn Ronachain (No.206) -- 84
81 -- Dun, Dùn Sheallaidh (No.207) -- 85
82 -- Dun, Eascairt (No.208) -- 85
83 -- Dun, Eilean Àraich Mhòir (No.209) -- 85
84 -- Dun, Gallochoille Cottage, Gigha (No.210) -- 85
85 -- Dun, Garvalt (No.212) -- 86
86 -- Dun, Glenacardoch (No.213) -- 86
87 -- Dun, Glencreggan (No.214) -- 86
88 -- Dun, Grogport Old Manse (No.216) -- 87
89 -- Dun, Kilchrist (No.218) -- 87
90 -- Dun, Kildalloig (No.219); after W. F. L. Bigwood -- 88
91 -- Dun, Kildonan Bat (No.220); after H. Fairhurst -- 89
92 -- Dun, Kilkeddan (No.221) -- 90
93 -- Dun, Killellan (No.222) -- 90
94 -- Dun, Leamnamuic (No.223) -- 90
95 -- Dun, Minen (No.226) -- 91
96 -- Dun, North Druimachro, Gigha (No.227) -- 91
97 -- Dun, Ormsary (No.228) -- 91
98 -- Dun, Port a' Chaisteil (No.229) -- 92
99 -- Dun, Port name Marbh (No.230) -- 92
100 -- Dun, Putechantuy (No.231) -- 92
101 -- Dun, Rubha a' Mharaiche (No.234) -- 93
102 -- Dun, Rubha nan Sgarbh (No.235) -- 93
103 -- Dun, Sunadale (No. 236) -- 93
104 -- Dun, Trench Knowe (No. 237) -- 93
105 -- Dun, Ugadale Point (No.238) -- 94
106 -- Crannog, Lochan Dughaill, Clachan (No. 241); after Munro -- 95
107 -- Ogam inscription, Cnoc na Carraigh, Gigha (No. 244) -- 97
108 -- Enclosure, Balnagleck (No.247) -- 98
109 -- Enclosure, Beachmeanach (No. 248) -- 98
110 -- Enclosure, Fort Burn (No. 250) -- 98
111 -- Enclosure, Glenehervie (No.251) -- 99
112 -- Enclosure, North Craigs (No.253) -- 99
113 -- Motte, Macharioch (No. 257); plan -- 100
114 -- Parish Church, A' Chleit (No.258); plan -- 101
115 -- SE. elevation -- 101
116 -- Cross, Balinakill (No.260) -- 102
117 -- Caibeal Catriona (No. 263); plan -- 103
118 -- Cross, Campbeltown (No.265); drawing by White -- 104
119 -- Chapel, Cara (No.268); plan -- 106
120 -- cross-decorated stone -- 107
121 -- Cille Bhride, Whitehouse (No.269); plan -- 108
122 -- socket stone -- 108
123 -- Parish Church, Clachan (No.270); cross-decorated stone -- 109
124 -- Old Parish Church, Gigha (no.276); plan -- 111
125 -- Kilbrannan Chapel, Skipness (No.277); plan -- 113
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TABLE OF FIGURES
126 -- profile mouldings -- 113
127 -- window details -- 114-15
128 -- details of S. doorway -- 117-18
129 -- details of E. window -- 119
130 -- Old Parish Church, Kilchenzie (No. 280); plan -- 121
131 -- Old Parish Church, Kilchousland (No. 281); plan -- 123
132 -- Old parish Church, Kilkerran (site) (No. 285); cross-decorated stone -- 125
133 -- Old parish Church, Kilkivan (No. 286); plan -- 127
134 -- Old parish Church, Killean (No. 287); plan -- 129
135 -- detail of nave window -- 130
136 -- detail of chancel window -- 131
137 -- E. window -- 132-3
138 -- details of E. window and NE. quoin -- 135
139 -- cross-decorated stone -- 136
140 -- cross -- 137
141 -- Chapel, Killellan (No. 288); plan -- 138
142 -- Saddell Abbey (No. 296); plan -- 141
143 -- carved fragments -- 143
144 -- profile mouldings -- 143
145 -- fragment of tracery -- 143
146 -- St. Ciaran's Cave (No. 298); plan -- 146
147 -- cross-decorated stone -- 146
148 -- pierced slab -- 146
149 -- St Columba's Church, Southend (No. 300); plan -- 147
150 -- carved fragment -- 148
151 -- fragment of E. window -- 148
152 -- cross -- 150
153 -- St Ninian's Chapel, Sanda (No. 301); plan -- 151
154 -- details of S. window and altar -- 152
155 -- cross-decorated stone -- 153
156 -- Parish Church, Southend (No. 303); plan -- 154
157 -- S. elevation -- 154
158 -- Burial-ground, Tarbet (No. 304); grave-slab -- 155
159 -- Burial-ground, Tarbet, Gigha (No. 305); cross -- 156
160 -- Early Christian symbols, Tarbet, Gigha (No, 306) -156
161 -- Airds Castle, Carradale (No. 308); plan -- 158
162 -- Dunaverty Castle (No. 309); plan -- 159
163 -- Castle, Island Muller (No. 310); plan-- 160
164 -- Saddell Castle (No. 313); general plan -- 161
165 -- floor plans of tower-house -- 162
166 -- Skipness Castle (No. 314); ground-floor plan -- 166
167 -- first-floor plan -- 167
168 -- N. window of hall-house -- 169
169 -- loopholed embrasure in W. curtain -- 172-3
170 -- reconstruction drawing of gatehouse -- 175
171 -- upper floors of E. range -- 177
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TABLE OF FIGURES
172 -- Fortified dwelling, Tangy Loch (No. 315); plan -- 179
173 -- Tarbert Castle (No. 316); plans of tower-house -- 181
174 -- details of gun-loops -- 183
175 -- general plan -- facing 184
176 -- Springfield House, Campbeltown (No. 322); plan -- 185
177 -- S. elevation -- 186
178 -- Number 1, Union Street, Campbeltown (No. 324); plan and elevation -- 187
179 -- Ballure (No. 325); plan -- 188
180 -- Cara House (No. 327); plan -- 189
181 -- Tigh na Chladaich, Muasdale (No. 336); plan -- 192
182 -- Balmavicar Township (No. 339); general plan -- 193
183 -- reconstruction drawing of horizontal water-mill -- 195
184 -- Township and mill, Drumgarve (No. 340); plan of byre-dwelling -- 196
185 -- plan of mill -- 196
186 -- Shielings, Gartavaich (No. 341); general plan -- 198-9
187 -- Garvoine Township, Skipness (No. 342); plans of dwelling-house and barn -- 199
188 -- Cruck-framed house, High Kilkivan (No. 343); detail of cruck -- 199
189 -- Farmhouse, Keremenach (No. 344); plan -- 200
190 -- Shielings, Talatoll (No. 345); general plan -- facing 200
191 -- Ilicit still, Skipness (site) (No. 350); general plan -- 202
192 -- Tangy Mill (No. 352); general plan -- 203
193 -- ground- and first-floor plans -- 204
194 -- section and elevation -- 205
195 -- Font, Parish Church, Gigha (No. 361); plan and section -- 207
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TABLE OF PLATES
Plate
1 -- (Frontispiece) Head of late medieval cross, Campbeltown (No. 265);
front view
2 A, B -- Pottery, Beacharr (No. 3) ; from inner burial-compartment
2 C, D -- from middle burial-compartment
3 A, B -- from outer burial-compartment
4 A -- Beaker, Glebe Street, Campbeltown (No. 62, 3)
4 B -- Food Vessel, Glenramskill (No. 69)
4 C -- Cinerary Urn, Dalaruan (No. 62, 4)
5 -- Jet necklace, Campbeltown (p, 9)
6 A -- Bronze hoard, Killeonan; found c. 1884 (p. 12)
6 B -- found 1908 (p. 12)
7 A -- Bronze dagger and rivet, Campbeltown Gas Works (No. 62, 2)
7 B -- Bronze spearhead, Aros Moss (p. 1 5)
7 C -- Bronze spearhead, High Tirfergus (p. 15)
7 D -- Bronze penannular brooches, Dùn Fhinn (No. 203)
7 E, F -- Bronze fibula, Kildalloig (No. 219)
8 A -- Chambered Cairn, Blasthill (No. 4), from W.
8 B -- Chambered Cairn, Gort na h-Ulaidhe, Glen Lussa (No. 7), from E.
9 A -- Cairn, Corriechrevie (No. 27), from S.
9 B -- Cairn. Machrihanish (No. 42), from SE.
10 A -- Standing Stones, Ballochroy (No. 57), from E.
10 B -- Cist, Ballochroy (No, 57), from NE.
10 C -- Cist, Cour (No. 64) (Photo: Mrs. I. G. Scott)
11 A -- Standing stone. Balegreggan (No. 13 J), from S.
11 B -- Standing stone, Beacharr (No. 134). from SW ,
11 C -- Standing stone, Highpark (No. 148), from W.
11 D -- Standing stone, Bruncrican (No. 135), from W.
11 E -- Standing stone, Craigs (No. 139), from SW.
11 F -- Standing stone, Knockstapple (No. 149), from W.
12 A -- Fort, Sròn Uarnha (No. 176), from N.
12 B -- Dun, Borgadel Water (No. 187); from N,
12 C, D -- details of walling
13 A -- Dun, Dim Fhinn (No. 203), from ENE.
Fort, Carradale Point (No. 160); detail of vitrifaction
14 A -- Dun, Kildonan Bay (No. 220); view from W.
14 B, C -- details of entrance
15 A -- mural gallery
15 B -- twin staircases
15 C -- mural cell
16 -- Ogam stone, Cnoe na Carraigh, Gigha (No. 244)
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TABLE OF PLATES
17A -- Parish Church, A'Chleit (No.258), from E.
17B -- Parish Church, Bellochantuy (No. 261), from E.
18A, B -- Parish Church, A'Chleit (No. 258); interior
18C -- MacAlister monument
19A -- Castlehill Church, Campbeltown (No. 264); interior
19B -- view from NE.
20A -- Gaelic Church, Campbeltown (No. 266); interior
20B -- view from E.
21A -- Cross, Campbeltown (No. 265); front view
21B -- back view
22A -- Old Lowland Church, Campbeltown (No. 267); view from SW.
22B -- doorway and window in SW. wall
22C -- carved stone from Old Gaelic Church
23A - C -- bell from Old Gaelic Church
24A -- Chapel, Cara (No. 268); view from NW.
24B -- window in N. wall
24C -- Parish Church, Clachan (No. 270); view from SW.
24D -- cruciform stone
24E -- headstone
25A -- Parish Church, Claonaig (No. 274); from SE.
25B -- Burial-ground, Cladh nam Paitean (No. 272); headstone
26A -- Old Parish Church, Gigha (No. 276); view from NW.
26B -- window in E. wall
26C -- interior of NE. angle
26D -- window in N. wall
27A -- Kilbrannan Chapel, Skipness (No. 277); general view from NE.
27B -- view from SW.
27C -- view from NW.
28A -- interior from W.
28B -- interior from E.
29A -- S. doorway
29B -- N. doorway
29C - E -- lancet windows
29F -- base-plinth
29G, H -- lancet windows
30A -- E. wall
30B -- E. window
30C -- detail of E. gable
31A, B -- headstones
31C -- grave-slabs
31D -- Campbell monument
31E -- mural monument
32A -- Old Parish Church, Kilchenzie (No. 280); interior of E. wall
32B -- window in W. wall
33A -- Old Parish Church, Kilchousland (No. 281); view from SW.
33B -- detail of window in N. wall
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TABLE OF PLATES
33 C -- windows in S: wall
34 A - D -- headstones
35 A -- Old Parish Church, Kilkerran (site) (No. 285); cross-decorated stone,
front view,
35 B, C -- cros-shaft
36 A - D -- headstones
37 A -- McEacharn monument
37 B -- McDowall monument
37 C, D -- headstones
37 E -- recumbent slab
38 A -- Old Parish Church, Kilkivan (No. 286); view from NW.
38 B -- N. doorway
39 A, B -- grave-slabs
40 A -- Old Parish Church, Killean (No. 287) ; view from SE.
40 B -- window in N. wall
40 C -- window in S. wall
41 A -- exterior of E. wall
41 B -- low-side window in S. wall
41 C -- window in N. aisle
42 A - C -- details of E. window
42 D -- interior of E. wall
42 E, F -- cross-decorated stone
43 A, B -- grave-slabs
43 C -- effigy
44 A, B -- details of headstones
44 C -- headstone
44 D -- Burial-ground, Kilmichael, Ballochroy (No. 293) ; cross-decorated stone
45 A -- Saddell Abbey (No. 296) ; view from E.
45 B -- crossing and N. transept from W.
46 A -- refectory from NE.
46 B -- interior of N. transept
46 C -- carved stones in E. wall of presbytery
47 A -- Campbell monument
47 B -- detail Of Campbell monument
48 A -- St. Ciaran's Cave (No. 298); wall at cave mouth
48 B -- trough in cave floor
48 C -- cross-decorated Stone
48 D -- St. Columba's Church, Southend (No. 300); "footprints"
49 A -- A general view from N.
49 B -- fragment of cross-head, front view
49 C -- S. doorway
50 A -- St. Ninian's Chapel, Sanda (No. 301); general view from NW.
50 B -- view from N.
50 C -- window in S. wall
51 A -- interior from W,
51 B -- altar
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TABLE OF PLATES
51 -- C cross-decorated stone, W. face
51 D -- cruciform stone, E. face
52 A -- Parish Church, Southend (No. 303); view from SW.
52 B -- interior
52 C -- Burial-ground, Tarbert (No. 304); headstone
53 A -- Airds Castle, Carradale (No. 308); curtain wall
53 B -- general view from SW.
53 C -- Dunaverty Castle (No. 309); general view from W.
53 D -- curtain wall
54 A -- Saddell Castle (No. 313) ; view from SE.
54 B -- tower-house from NE.
54 C -- general view from S.
55 A -- courtyard gateway
55 B -- tower-house and courtyard gateway from NW.
55 C -- detail of tower-house parapet
55 D -- kitchen fireplace
56 A -- Skipness Castle (No. 314); view from NE.
56 B -- view from SW.
57 A -- view from NW.
57 B -- view from SE.
58 A, B -- window in N. wall of hall-house
58 C -- interior of E. wall of hall-house
58 D -- window in E. wall of hall-house
59 A -- courtyard interior from SE.
59 B -- courtyard interior from NW.
60 A -- detail of W. curtain and NW. latrine-tower
60 B -- loophole in S. wall of NW. latrine-tower
60 C -- doorways to NW. latrine-tower
60 D -- loopholed embrasure in W. curtain
61 A -- SE. tower and E. curtain from N.
61 B -- SE. tower from N.
61 C -- water-inlet in S. curtain
61 D -- interior of SE. tower from S.
61 E -- former chapel window in S. curtain
62 A -- gatehouse from S.
62 B -- gatehouse from N.
62 C -- interior of gatehouse
62 D -- loophole in gatehouse
63 A -- detail of N. curtain and NE. latrine-tower
63 B -- detail of N. curtain showing former crenellation
64 -- E. range and tower-house
65 A -- N. window-embrasure in first-floor apartment of E. range
65 B -- mural passage in first-floor apartment of E. range
65 C -- doorway to N. division of E. range
65 D -- postern-doorway in E. curtain
66 -- interiors of second- and third-floor apartments of E. range from SW.
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TABLE OF PLATES
67 -- Tarbert Castle (No. 316); aerial view from W. (Photo by Dr. J. K. St. Joseph;
reproduced by courtesy of the Ministry of Defence (Air Force Depart-
ment) and the Cambridge University Committee for Aerial Photography)
68 -- A tower-house from SE.
68 B -- drum-tower in NE curtain-wall
69 -- tower-house from SW.
70 A -- tower-house and forework from N.
70 B -- A slit-window in NW. wall of tower-house
71 A -- forework from NW.
71 B -- interior of tower-house from SE.
72 -- The Burgh of Campbeltown (Nos. 318 - 324); view Of Main Street on
Fair Day by A. MacKinnon, 1886 (By courtesy of Free library
and Museum, Campbeltown)
73 -- plan of c. 1760 (By courtesy of His Grace the Duke of Argyll)
74 A -- view by F. Bott, 1867 (By courtesy of Free Library and Museum,
Campbeltown)
74 B -- 61 - 67 Long Row, Campbeltown (No. 320)
74 C -- 69 - 71 Long Row, Campbeltown (No. 320)
74 D -- Old Courthouse, Bolgam Street, Campbeltown (No. 319)
75 A -- Springfield House, Campbeltown (No. 322)
75 B -- 50 - 52 Main Street and 2 - 4 Cross Street, Campbeltown (No. 321)
75 C -- 58 - 62 Main Street, Campbeltown (No. 321)
76 -- A Town House, Campbeltown (No. 323); view from S.
76 B -- view by W. Dobie, c. 1833 (By courtesy of the Society of Antiquaries
of Scotland)
76 C -- 1 Union Street, Campbeltown (No. 324)
77 A -- Ballure (No. 325); view from NW.
77 B -- ceiling cornice
77 C -- drawing-room fireplace
77 D -- drawing-room doorway
77 E -- entrance and staircase
78 A -- Barr House (No. 326); general view from W.
78 B -- view from NW.
79 A -- drawing-room chimney-piece
79 B -- dining-room chimney-piece
79 C - E -- plaster corbels in staircase-hall
80 A -- Drumore, Bellochantuy (No. 329), from NW.
80 B -- Dovecot, Carskiey (No. 328), from SW.
80 C -- Cara House (No. 327), from E.
80 D -- Manse, Gigha (No. 330), from S.
80 E -- Cottage, Tayinloan (No. 335), from W.
81 A -- Limecraigs House (No. 332); plan by A. Rowatt, 1757 (By courtesy of
His Grace the Duke of Argyll)
81 -- B view from N.
82 A -- Saddell House (No. 333); view by G. Langlands, 1784 (By courtesy of
The Scottish Record Office)
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TABLE OF PLATES
82 B -- view from S.
83 A -- Tigh na Chladaich, Muasdale (No. 336); view from W.
83 B -- staircase
83 C -- stall-post in stable
83 D -- interior of stable
84 A -- Torrisdale Castle (No. 337); view from W.
84 B -- early view from W. (By courtesy of Major D. S. MacAlister-HalI)
85 A -- view from NE.
85 B -- early view from SE. (By courtesy of Major D. S. MacAlister-Hall)
86 A -- dining-room passage
86 B -- dining-room doorway
86 C -- dining-room chimney-piece
86 D -- entrance lodge
87 A -- Balmavicar Township (No. 339); horizontal water-mill
87 B -- general view from NE.
87 C -- Cruck-framed house, High Kilkivan (No. 343); cruck-blade
87 D -- Garvoine Township, Skipness (No. 342); general view from NW.
88 A -- Early view of unidentified illicit still in Western Highlands (p. 28) (By
courtesy of Free Library and Museum, Campbeltown)
88 B, C -- Distilleries, Campbeltown (No. 348); warehouse in Burnside Street
89 A -- Mull of Kintyre Lighthouse (No. 349); general view from S.
89 B -- view from E.
90 A -- view from SE.
90 B -- tower and lantern
91 A -- plan of 1839 (By courtesy of Northern Lighthouse Board)
91 B -- tower parapet
92 A -- Horse-gang, South Killellan Farm (No. 351); general view from S.
92 B -- gear-wheel and harness-bar
93 A -- Tangy Mill (No. 352); general view from E.
93 B -- view from NE.
94 -- interior of stones-floor
95 A -- grinding-stones
95 B -- water-wheel
96 A -- interior of bin-floor
96 B -- furnace-chamber
96 C -- detail of sack-hoist
97 A -- Machrimore Mill (p. 28); view from NE.
97 B -- gear-cupboard
98 A -- Killellan Park Farm (p. 28); water-wheel and horse-gang
98 B -- Port an Duin Mill, Gigha (p. 28), from N.
99 A -- Old bridge, Muasdale (No. 354), from W.
99 B -- Old bridges, Putechantuy (No. 355); general view from W.
100 A -- Architectural fragments, Achamore House, Gigha (No. 357); pine
chimney-piece
100 B -- stone fireplace
100 C -- pine chimney-piece
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TABLE OF PLATES
100 D -- stone fireplace
100 E -- Armorial panel, Lossit House (No. 366)
101 A -- Cross-finial, Keil House (No. 364)
101 B -- Font, Parish Church, Gigha (No. 361)
101 C -- Architectural fragments, Oatfield House (No. 368)
102 A -- Quern quarries, Achamore, Gigha (No. 369); general view
102 B -- unfinished quern
102 C -- Millstone quarry, Bruce's Stone, Ugadale (No. 370)
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CHAIRMAN'S PREFACE
Argyll is the second largest county in Scotland, and the task of recording the
numerous monuments that it contains will occupy the Commission for many years.
In order to make the results of the survey available as soon as possible it has,
therefore, been decided to prepare the Inventory on a regional basis and to publish
the various parts separately. This volume, the first of the series, deals with the
district of Kintyre, which embraces the southernmost portion of the mainland area
and the islands of Gigha, Cara and Sanda. The principal contents are the Report
of the Commission with the list of monuments selected as especially worthy of
preservation, an Introduction, and an illustrated Inventory of all archaeological
representative examples of later buildings down to the middle of the 19th century.
On this occasion the general section of the Introduction has been limited to a
brief statement of physical and other factors affecting settlement in the region,
since it was felt that the historical and linguistic background would be better
discussed in the final volume of the series, in the wider context of the county as a
whole. On the other hand the lay-put of the Inventory follows the practice adopted
in Peeblesshire, the monuments being grouped according to type and arranged as
far as possible in chronological order. Within each group the monuments are
normally in alphabetical order, but a list of monuments arranged according to civil
parishes will be found on pp. xxxiii ff. Further details concerning presentation are
given in the Editorial Notes on pp. xliii f.
WEMYSS |
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ROYAL COMMISSION ON THE ANCIENT AND
HISTORICAL MONUMENTS OF SCOTLAND
LIST OF COMMISSIONERS
The Right Honourable The Earl of Wernyss and March, K,T., LL.D., J.P.
(Chairman)
Professor G. Donaldson, M.A., Ph.D., D.Litt.
Professor A. A. M. Duncan, M.A.
Mrs. A. I. Dunlop, O.B.E., M.A., Ph.D., D.Litt., LL.D.
A. Graham, Esq., M.A., F.S.A.
Professor K. H. Jackson, M.A., Litt.D., D.Litt., D.Litt.Celt., M.R.I.A., F.B.A.
Professor P. J. Nuttgens, M.A., Ph.D., A.R.I.B.A.
Professor Stuart Piggott, B.Litt., D.Litt., F.R.S.E., F.B.A., F.S.A.
Secretary
K. A. Steer, M.A, Ph.D., F.R.S.E., F.S.A
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THE ROYAL WARRANT
Here printed is the Royal Warrant of 1963 containing the Commission's present
terms of reference.
ELIZABETH R.
ELIZABETH THE SECOND, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Our other Realms and Territories,
QUEEN, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith, to
our Right Trusty and Righ Well-beloved Cousin Francis David Charteris, Earl
of Wemyss and March, Doctor of Laws, Justice of the Peace;
Our Trusty and Well-beloved
Annie Isabella Dunlop, Officer of Our Most Excellent Order of the British
Empire, Doctor of Philosophy, Doctor of Literature, Doctor of Laws;
Angus Graham, Esquire, Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries;
Kenneth Hurlstone Jackson, Esquire, Doctor of Letters, Doctor of Celtic
Letters (University of Ireland), Fellow of the British Academy;
Ian Gordon Lindsay, Esquire, Officer of Our Most Excellent Order of the
British Empire, Royal Scottish Academician, Fellow of the Royal Institute of
British Architects;
Stuart Piggott, Esquire. Bachelor Of Letters, Doctor Of Humane Letters,
Fellow of the British Academy, Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries;
Ian Archibald Richmond, Esquire, Commander of Our Most Excellent
Order of the British Empire, Doctor of Letters, Doctor of Literature, Doctor of
Laws, Fellow Of the British Academy, Director of the Society of Antiquaries;
William Douglas Simpson, Esquire, Commander of Our Most Excellent
Order of the British Empire, Doctor of Literature, Doctor of Laws, Fellow of
the Society of Antiquaries;
GREETING!
WHEREAS We have deemed it expedient that the Commissioners appointed
to the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments and Con-
structions of Scotland shall serve for such periods as We by the hand of Our
Secretary of State for Scotland may specify and that a new Commission should
issue for this purpose.
NOW KNOW YE that we have revoked and determined, and do by these
Presents revoke and determine, all the Warrants whereby Commissioners were
appointed on the first day of January one thousand nine hundred and forty eight
and on any subsequent date.
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THE ROYAL WARRANT
AND WE DO by these Presents authorise and appoint you the said Francis
David Charteris. Earl of Wemyss and March (Chairman), Annie Isabella Dunlop,
Angus Graham, Kenneth Hurlstone Jackson, Ian Gordon Lindsay, Stuart Piggott,
Ian Archibald Richmond and William Douglas Simpson to be Our Commissioners
for such periods as We may specify in respect of each of you to make an inventory
of the Ancient and Historical Monuments and Constructions connected with or
illustrative of the contemporary culture, civilisation and conditions of life of the
people in Scotland from the earliest times to the year 1707 and such further
Monuments and Constructions Of a date subsequent to that year as may seem in
your discretion to be worthy of mention therein, and to specify those which seem
most worthy of preservation.
AND FOR the better enabling you to carry out the purposes of this Our
Commission. We do by these Presents authorise you to call in the aid and co-
operation of owners of ancient monuments, inviting them to assist you in furthering
the objects of this Commission; and to invite the possessors of such papers as you
may deem it desirable to inspect to produce them before you.
AND WE DO further authorise and empower you, or any three or more of
you, to call before you such persons as you may judge necessary by whom you may
be the better informed of the matters herein submitted for your consideration,
and every matter connected therewith and also to call for, have access to and
examine all such books. documents, registers and records as may afford you the
fullest information on the subjects and to inquire of and concerning the premises
by all other lawful ways and means whatsoever.
AND WE DO further by these Presents authorise and empower you, or any
one or more of you. to visit and personally inspect such places as you may deem
expedient for the more effectual carrying out of the purposes aforesaid.
AND WE DO by these Presents will and ordain that this Our Commission
shall continue in full force and virtue, and that our said Commissioners. or any
three or more of vou. may from time to time proceed in the execution thereof,
and of every matter and thing therein contained, although the same be not
continued from time to time by adjournment.
AND Our further Will and Pleasure is that you Our said Commissioners, or
any three or more of you, do report to Us from time to time in writing under
your hands and seals all and every your proceedings under and by virtue Of these
Presents.
Given at Our Court at Saint James's this twenty-eighth day of October, 1963,
in the twelfth year of Our Reign.
BY HER MAJESTY'S COMMAND.
MICHAEL NOBLE
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EIGHTEENTH REPORT
of the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical
Monuments of Scotland
TO THE QUEEN'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY
MAY IT PLEASE YOUR MAJESTY, -
We, Your Majesty's Commissioners, appointed to make an Inventory of the Ancient and
Historical Monuments and Constructions connected with or illustrative of the contemporary
culture, civilisation and conditions of life of the people in Scotland from the earliest times to
the year 1707, and such further Monuments and Constructions of a date subsequent to that
year as may seem in our discretion worthy of mention therein, and to specify those which seem
most worthy of preservation, humbly present to Your Majesty the Report on the Ancient
Monuments of Kintyre, being the Eighteenth Report on the work of the Commission since
its first appointment.
2. We record with grateful respect the receipt of the gracious message that accompanied
Your Majesty's acceptance of the volume embodying our Seventeenth Report with Inventory
of the Ancient Monuments of Peeblesshire.
3. It is with great regret that we have to record the deaths of Mr. Ian Gordon Lindsay,
O.B.E., R.S.A., F,R.I.B.A., and of Mr. William Douglas Simpson, C.B.E., D.Litt., LL.D.,
F.S.A., both of whom gave unstinted service to the Commission for many years.
4. We have to thank Your Majesty for the appointment of Professor Patrick John Nuttgens,
Ph.D., A.R.I.B.A., under Your Majesty's Royal Sign Warrant of 21st February 1967, and of
Professor Archibald Alexander McBeth Duncan, under Your Majesty's Royal Sign Warrant of
23rd February 1969.
5. Following our usual practice we have prepared a detailed, illustrated Inventory of the
Ancient Monuments of Kintyre, being the first volume of the Inventory of the County of
Argyll, which will be issued as a non-Parliamentary publication.
6. Kintyre contains a rich and varied assemblage of prehistoric remains, many of which have
been discovered in the course of our survey, Of particular interest are the Neolithic burial
cairns of the 3rd millennium B.C., the remarkable concentration of cup-marked stones, and the
numerous small stone forts traditionally known as "duns". The duns constitute by far the
largest class of Iron Age structures in Argyll, and our survey marks a significant preliminary
step towards the study of some of the complex problems of the occupation of the Atlantic
Province of the British Iron Age.
7. The most important of the architectural monuments belong to the medieval period. They
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EIGHTEENTH REPORT
include two major castles of the 13th and 14th centuries, Skipness and Tarbert, as well as a
fine tower-house at Saddell, which has affinities with a neighbouring group of towers situated
around the shores of the Firth of Clyde. Of the adjacent Cistercian monastery of Saddell little
now remains, but the present survey has brought to light an interesting series of parish
churches and dependent chapels evidently associated with the introduction of the parochial
system during the 12th and 13th centuries. Domestic architecture of the post-medieval period
is poorly represented in Kintyre, the only noteworthy buildings of this class being a group of
small lairds' houses and the Gothic Revival mansions of Torrisdale and Barr. Numerous minor
rural buildings and deserted townships of the 18th and early 19th centuries survive, however,
and some typical examples of these have been selected for inclusion, together with a number of
shieling sites. A considerable variety of engineering works have also been recorded, including
an 18th-century lighthouse, an early canal and a well-preserved water-mill, while the local
distilling industry has furnished examples both of urban distillery architecture and of an illicit
rural still.
8. The late medieval sculptured stones of Kintyre, of which the Campbeltown Cross is the
outstanding example, presented us with a special problem. Most of them had been illustrated
in the past, but the distinctive series of richly ornamented grave-slabs, effigies and free-
standing crosses to which they belong, and which are widely distributed throughout the West
Highlands and Islands, had never been comprehensively studied. Many of the carvings bear
inscriptions, and the decoration includes numerous representations of ships, weapons, tools,
domestic implements, liturgical instruments and other items in contemporary use. In these
circumstances it was felt that the brief descriptions of the individual stones given in the
Inventory ought to be supplemented by a definitive survey of the whole body of the material.
This project was accordingly entrusted to our Secretary, and has now been completed. His
report formed the subject for the Rhind Lectures in Archaeology given at the invitation of the
Society of Antiquaries of Scotland in 1968, and it is proposed to issue it as a separate Corn-
mission publication.
9. We wish to acknowledge the assistance accorded to us, during the preparation of this
Inventory, by the owners and occupiers of ancient buildings and sites, and by parish ministers
throughout the region. Our thanks are due especially to Mr. Duncan Colville, J.P., whose
personal researches into the history and antiquities of Kintyre, and whose extensive collection
of local source material, have been placed unreservedly at our disposal. We are also indebted to
His Grace the Duke of Argyll, T.D., D.L., Mr. J. G. Scott, M.A., F.M.A., the Reverend
James Webb, the Kintyre Antiquarian Society, the General Manager of the Northern Light-
house Board, and Mr. E. McKiernan, librarian of the Campbeltown Public Library and
Museum, for access to, and information about, records or relics in their possession; to Mrs
K. M. Feachem, Lt.-Col. Sir James Horlick, Bt., O.B.E., M.C., the late Mr. C. A. M. Oakes of
Skipness and Mr. G. E. S. Dunlop for assistance with the field survey ; to the Cambridge Uni-
versity Committee for Aerial Photography for permission to reproduce air-photographs; to Sir
Thomas Innes of Learney and Kinnairdy, K.C.V.O., LL.D., formerly Lord Lyon King of
Arms, who kindly revised the heraldic matter in the Inventory; to Mr. J. W. M. Bannerman,
M.A., Ph.D., for help with the inscriptions on the late medieval carvings; to the Institute of
xxvi |
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EIGHTEENTH REPORT
Geological Sciences, and particularly to Mr. G. H. Collins, B.Sc., one of its officers,
for advice on geological questions; to the Scottish Development Department, for facilities for
the study of air-photographs; and to the staffs of the National Museum of Antiquities of
Scotland, the Ministry of Public Building and Works, the Scottish Record Office and Your
Majesty's Stationery Office for continual and valued co-operation.
10. We wish to record that the Secretary and the following past and present members of our
Executive staff part in the preparation of the Inventory: Messrs. R. W. Feachem, M.A.,
M.Sc., F.S.A., G. D. Hay, A.R.I.B.A., F.S.A., J. G. Dunbar, M.A., F.S.A., A. MacLaren,
M.A, F.S.A., G. S. Maxwell, M.A., F.S.A., J. N. G. Ritchie, M.A., Ph.D., I. Fisher, B.A.,
I. G. Scott, D.A.(Edin.), G. B. Quick, A.I.I.P., A.R.P.S., R. G. Nicol, J. Reggie, D. Fleming,
S. Scott and D. Boyd; Miss A. E. H. Muir and Miss M. Isbister. The volume has been edited
by the Secretary, assisted by Mr. J. G. Dunbar and Mr. A. MacLaren.
WEMYSS, Chairman
GORDON DONALDSON
A. A. M. DUNCAN
ANGUS GRAHAM
K. H. JACKSON
PATRICK NUTTGENS
STUART PIGGOTT
KENNETH A. STEER, Secretary |
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LIST OF MONUMENTS IN KINTYRE
WHICH THE COMMISSIONERS CONSIDER TO BE
MOST WORTHY OF PRESERVATION
The selection of monuments for this list is based on an objective appraisal of various factors
such as architectural merit, historical associations, and known or potential value for archaeo-
logical research. Inclusion in the list does not confer any statutory protection on the monu-
ments in question, and no account is taken of external circumstances which might make
preservation difficult or impracticable
The list itself is divided into two parts. Part I consists of monuments whose importance
can be readily assessed from the surviving remains. Part Il comprises monuments which are,
in general, less well preserved than those in Part l, one of them being known only from crop
markings recorded on aerial photographs, but which may nevertheless be valuable subjects for
further research by excavation or other means.
PART 1
Chambered cairn, Blasthill (No. 4)
Chambered cairn, Brackley (No. 5)
Chambered cairn, Gort na h-Ulaidhe, Glen Lussa (No. 7)
Chambered cairn, Greenland (No, 8)
Chambered cairn, Lochorodale 2 (No. 10)
Cairn, Càrn Bàn, Gigha (No. 19)
Cairn, Cårn na Faire, Gigha (No, 20)
Cairn, Corriechrevie (No. 27)
Cairn, Kildonan Point (No. 33)
Cairn and standing stone, Kilkivan (No. 34)
Cairn, Knock Scalbart (No, 37)
Cairn. Machrihanish (No. 42)
Cairn, Skeroblin Hill (No, 46)
Cist and standing stones, Ballochroy (No. 57)
Cup-and-ring markings. Drumnamucklach (No. 92)
Cup-and-ring markings, Killocraw (No. 95)
Cup-and-ring markings, Low Clachaig (No. 96)
Cup-and-ring markings, North Beachmore (NO. 97)
Standing stone, Arnicle (No. 130)
Standing Stone. Balegreggan (No. 131)
Standing stone, Barlea (No. 132)
Standing stone. Beacharr (No. 134)
Standing stone, Brunerican (No. 135)
Standing stone, Carragh an Tarbert, Gigha (No. 136)
Standing stone, Craigs (No. 139)
Standing stone. Culinlongart ( No. 140)
Standing stones, Escart (No. 143)
Standing stone, Glencraigs I (No. 144)
Standing stone, Glenlussa Lodge (No. 146)
Standing stone, Highpark (No. 148)
Standing stone, Knockstapple (No. 149)
Standing stone, South Muasdale (So. 153)
Fort. Acchnaclach (No. 155)
Forts. Bealloch Hill (No, 158)
Fort, Carradale Point (No. 160)
Fort, Croc Araich (No. 161)
Fort and duns, Dùn Skeig (No. 165)
Fort, Kildonan Point (NO. 167)
Fort, Knock Scalbart (No. 170)
Forts, Largiemore (No. 171)
Fort, Ranachan Hill (No. 173)
Fort, Ronachan Bay (No. 174)
Fort, Sròn Uarnha (No. 176)
Dun, Borgadel Water (No. 187)
Dun, Dùn Fhinn (No. 203)
Dun, Kildalloig (No. 219)
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MONUMENTS WORTHY OF PRESERVATION
Dun, Kildonan Bay (No. 220)
Dun, Rubha nan Sgarbh (No. 235)
Dun, Sunadale (No. 236)
Ogam stone, Cnoc na Carraigh, Gigha (No. 244)
Parish Church, A' Chleit (No. 258)
Castlehill Church, Campbeltown (No. 264)
Cross, Campbeltown (No. 265)
Parish Church, Clachan, with associated funerary monu-
ments and carved stones (No. 270)
Old Parish Church, Gigha, with associated funerary
monuments and carved stones (No. 276)
Kilbrannan Chapel, Skipness, with associated funerary
monuments (No. 277)
Old Parish Church, Kilchenzie, with associated funerary
monuments and carved stones (No. 280)
Old Parish Church, Kilchousland, with associated
funerary monuments and carved stones (No. 281)
Funerary monuments and carved stones at Old Parish
Church, Kilkerran (Kilkerran Cemetery) (No. 285)
Old Parish Church, Kilkivan, with associated funerary
monuments (No. 286)
Old Parish Church, Killean, with associated funerary
monuments and carved stones (No. 287)
Saddell Abbey, with associated funerary monuments and
carved stones (No. 296)
St. Ciaran's Cave, with associated carved stones (No. 298)
St. Columba's Church, Southend, with funerary monu-
ments and other associated remains (No. 300)
St. Ninian's Chapel, Sanda, with associated funerary
monuments and carved stones (No. 301)
Parish Church, Southend (No. 303)
Burial-ground, Tarbert, with associated funerary monu-
ments (No. 304)
Burial-ground and cross, Tarbert, Gigha (No. 305)
Early Christian symbols, Tarbert, Gigha (No. 306)
Saddell Castle (No. 313)
Skipness Castle (No. 314)
Tarbert Castle (No. 316)
Springfield House, Campbeltown (No. 322)
Town House, Campbeltown (No. 323)
Ballure (No. 325)
Barr House (No. 326)
Dovecot, Carskiey (No. 328)
Torrisdale Castle (No. 337)
Mull of Kintyre Lighthouse (No. 349)
Tangy Mill (No. 352)
Architectural fragments, Achamore House, Gigha (No.
357)
Font, Parish Church, Gigha (No. 361)
Cross-finial, Keil House (No. 364)
Carved stones, Killmaluag Farm (No. 365)
Architectural fragments, Oatfield House (No. 368)
Quern quarries, Achamore, Gigha (No. 369)
PART 11
Chambered cairn, 1 (No. 1)
Chambered cairn, Ardnacross 2 (No. 2)
Chambered cairn, Beacharr (No. 3)
Chambered cairn, Glenreasdctl Mains (No. 6)
Chambered cairn, Lochorodale 1 (No. 9)
Chambered cairn (probable). Macharioch (No. 11)
Cairn. Aird Thorr Innse, Gigha (No. 12)
Cairn, Ardlarney, Gigha (No, 13)
Cairn, Balnabraid (No. 14)
Cairn, Barlea (No. 15)
Cairn, Blasthill (No. 18)
Cairn and barrow, Cnocan a' Chluig, Kilkivan (No. 21)
Cairn, Cnoc na Sgratha (No. 26)
Cairn, Eas Fhaolain (No. 28)
Cairns, East Tarbert Bay. Gigha (No. 29)
Cairn, Killocraw 1 (No. 35)
Cairn, Kalexraw 2 (No. 36)
Cairns, Largybaan (No. 39)
Cairns, Lover Smerby (No. 41)
Cairn. Pennygown (No. 43)
Cairn (possible), Ranachan Hill (No. 45)
Cairn, Uisaed (No. 50)
Cist. Ardnacross (No. 54)
Cist, Grogport (No. 71)
Cist, Tangy Loch (No. 84)
Cup-and-ring markings. Ballochroy (No. 89)
Cup-and-ring markings, Braids (No. 91)
Cup-markings. Achaglass (No. 98)
Cup-markings, Ballochgair (No. 101)
Cup-markings, Be-u.hmeanach (No. 103)
Cup-rnarkings, Cleonaig (No. 104)
Cup-markings, Cleongart (No. 105)
Cup-markings. Eas Fhaolain (No, 107)
Cup-marktngs, Glenreasdell Mains1 (No. 110)
Cup-markings, Glenskible (No. 112)
Cup-markings, Gortinanane (No. 113)
Cup-markings. Loch Dirigadale (No. 120)
Cup-markings, Lochorodale (No. 121)
Cup-markings, Oragaig (No. 123)
Cup-markings. Skipness Village (No. 125)
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MONUMENTS WORTHY OF PRESERVATION
Cup-markings, South Crubasdale (No. 126)
Cup-markings, Tighnamoile (No. 128)
Cup-markings, Whitehouse Burn (No. 129)
Standing stones, Clochkeil (No. 137)
Standing stone, Loch Ciaran (No. 150)
Standing stone, Skeroblin Cruach (No. 152)
Fort, Ballywilline Hill (No. 156)
Fort, Baraskomill (No. 157)
Fort and dun, Belfield (No. 159)
Fort and dun, Cullan Doon (No. 162)
Fort, Dùnan (No. 163)
Fort, Dùn Chibhich, Gigha (No. 164)
Fort, Kildalloig (No. 166)
Fort, Killean (No. 168)
Fort, Killocraw (No. 169)
Fort, Saddell (No. 175)
Fort, Westport (No. 177)
Dun, Auchadaduie (No. 178)
Dun, Ballygroggan 1 (No. 180)
Dun, Ballywilline (No. 182)
Dun, Baraskomill (No. 183)
Dun, The Bastard (No. 184)
Dun, Bellochantuy (No. 185)
Dun, Blary (No. 186)
Dun, Cnoc Eibhleach (No. 188)
Dun, Cnoc Sabhail (No. 189)
Dun, Corputechan (No. 190)
Dun, Culinlongart (No. 191)
Dun, Dùn a' Bhuic (No. 192)
Dun, Dùn Ach' na h-Àtha (No. 193)
Dun, Dùnan an t-Seasgain, Gigha (No. 194)
Dun, Dùnan Breac (No. 195)
Dun, Dùnan Buidhe, Gigha (No. 196)
Dun, Dùnan Muasdale (No. 198)
Dun, Dùn an Trinnse, Gigha (No. 199)
Dun, Dùn Beachaire (No. 201)
Dun, Dùn Domhnuill (No. 202)
Dun, Dùn Mhic Choigil (No. 205)
Dun, Dùn Ronachain (No. 206)
Dun, Dùn Sheallaidh (No. 207)
Dun, Eilean Àraich Mhòir (No. 209)
Dun, Garvalt (No. 212)
Dun, Glenacardoch (No. 213)
Dun, Grogport Old Manse (No. 216)
Dun, Kilchrist (No. 218)
Dun, Kilkeddan (No. 221)
Dun, Killellan (No. 222)
Dun, Leamnamuic (No. 223)
Dun, Minen (No. 226)
Dun, Ormsary (No. 228)
Dun, Port a' Chaisteil (No. 229)
Dun, Port nam Marbh (No. 230)
Dun, Putechantuy (No. 231)
Dun, Red Cove (No. 232)
Dun, Rubha a' Mharaiche (No. 234)
Dun, Trench Knowe (No. 237)
Dun, Ugadale Point (No. 238)
Crannog, Clochkeil (site) (No. 239)
Crannog, Durry Loch (site) (No. 240)
Cave, Keil Cave, Southend (No. 243)
Enclosure, Balnagleck (No. 247)
Enclosure, Beachmeanach (No. 248)
Enclosure, Cnoc nan Gobhar, Gigha (No. 249)
Enclosure, Fort Burn (No. 250)
Enclosure, Glenehervie (No. 251)
Earthworks, Lossit (No. 252)
Enclosure, North Craigs (No. 253)
Earthwork, Portrigh Strip (site) (No. 254)
Earthwork, Puball Burn (No. 255)
Enclosure, Sliabh nan Dearc (No. 256)
Motte, Macharioch (No. 257)
Cross, Balinakill (No. 260)
Chapel, Cara (No. 268)
Old Parish Church, Kilkerran (site) (No. 285)
Chapel, Killellan (No. 288)
Chapel and burial-ground, Killeonan (No. 289)
Burial-ground, Kilmichael, Ballochroy (No. 293)
Old Parish Church, Kilmichael, Campbeltown (site)
(No. 294)
St. Coivin's Chapel and burial-ground (No. 299)
Airds Castle, Carradale (No. 308)
Dunaverty Castle (No. 309)
Castle, Island Muller (No. 310)
Fortified dwelling, Tangy Loch (No. 315)
Balmavicar township (No. 339)
Shielings, Talatoll (No. 345)
xxxi |
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REGISTER OF MONUMENTS IN KINTYRE BY CIVIL PARISHES
CAMPBELTOWN PARISH
Chambered cairn, Ardnacross 1 (No.1)
Chambered cairn, Ardnacross 2 (No. 2)
Chambered cairn, Gort na h-Ulaidhe, Glen Lussa (No. 7)
Chambered cairn, Greenland (No.8)
Chambered cairn, Lochorodale 1 (No. 9)
Chambered cairn, Lochorodale 2 (No. 10)
Cairn, Balnabraid (No.14)
Cairn and barrow, Cnocan a' Chluig, Kilkivan (No. 21)
Cairn (possible), Glencraigs (site) (No.30)
Cairn, Gort na h-Ulaidhe, Glen Lussa (site) (No. 32)
Cairn, Kildonan Point (No. 33)
Cairn and standing stone, Kilkivan (No.34)
Cairn, Knock Scalbart (No. 37)
Cairns, Lower Smerby (No. 41)
Cairn, Machrihanish (No. 42)
Cairn (possible), Ranachan Hill (No. 45)
Cairn, Skeroblin Hill (No. 46)
Cairn, Trench Point, Campbeltown (site) (No.49)
Cairn, Uisaed (No. 50)
Cist, Ardnacross (No. 54)
Cist, Ballimenach (site) (No. 56)
Burial, Bealloch (site) (No. 61)
Burials and cists, Campbeltown (sites) (No. 62)
Cist, Glenramskill (site) (No. 69)
Cists, Kilkeddan (sites) (No. 74)
Burial, Machrihanish (site) (No. 81)
Cists, Trench point, Campbeltown (sites) (No. 88)
Cup-markings, Ballochgair (No. 101)
Cup-markings, Kilkeddan (No. 117)
Cup-markings, Lochorodale (No. 121)
Standing stone, Balegreggan (No. 131)
Standing stones, Clochkeil (No. 137)
Standing stone, Craigs (No. 139)
Standing stone, Glencraigs 1 (No. 144)
Standing stone, Glencraigs 2 (No. 145)
Standing stone, Glenlussa Lodge (No. 146)
Standing stone, High Knockrioch (No. 147)
Standing stone, (possible), Lochorodale (No. 151)
Standing stone, Skeroblin Cruach (No. 152)
Fort, Achnaclach (No. 155)
Fort, Ballywilline Hill (No. 156)
Fort, Baraskomill (No. 157)
Forts, Bealloch Hill (No. 158)
Fort and dun, Belfield (No. 159)
Fort and dun, Cullan Doon (No. 162)
Fort, Kildalloig (No. 166)
Fort, Kildonan Point (No. 167)
Fort, Knock Scalbart (No. 170)
Fort, Machrihanish (No. 172)
Fort, Ranachan Hill (No. 173)
Dun, Balegreggan Hill (site) (No. 179)
Dun, Ballygroggan 1 (No. 180)
Dun (probable), Ballygroggan 2 (No. 181)
Dun, Ballywilline (No. 182)
Dun, Baraskomill (No. 183)
Dun, Cnoc Sabhail (No. 189)
Dun (probable), Gartgreillan (No. 211)
Dun, Kilchrist (No. 218)
Dun, Kildalloig (No. 219)
Dun, Kildonan Bay (No. 220)
Dun, Kilkeddan (No. 221)
Dun, KIllellan (No. 222)
Dun, Trench Knowe (No. 237)
Dun, Ugadale Point (No. 238)
Crannog, Clochkeil (site) (No. 239)
Crannog, Durry Loch (site) (No. 240)
Earthworks, Lossit (No. 252)
Enclosure, North Craigs (No. 253)
Earthwork, Puball Burn (No. 255)
Chapel and burial-ground, Ardnacross (site) (No. 259)
Castlehill Church, Campbeltown (No. 264)
Cross, Campbeltown (No. 265)
Gaelic Church, Campbeltown (No. 266)
Old Lowland Church, Campbeltown (No. 267)
Old Parish Church, Kilchousland (No. 281)
Chapel, Kilchrist (site) (No. 282)
Burial-ground, Kildonan (site) (No. 283)
Old Parish Church, Kilkerran (site) (No. 285)
Old Parish Church, Kilkivan (No. 286)
Chapel, Killellan (No. 288)
xxxiii |
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Page number xxxiv |
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REGISTER OF MONUMENTS BY CIVIL PARISHES
Chapel and burial-ground, Killeonan (No. 289)
Old Parish Church, Kilmichael, Campbeltown (site) (No. 294)
St. Ciaran's Cave (No. 298)
Castle, Island Muller (No. 310)
Kilkerran Castle (No. 311)
The Trench, Fort Argyll, Campbeltown (site) (No. 317)
Bolgam Street, Campbeltown (No. 319)
Long Row, Campbeltown (No. 320)
Main Street, Campbeltown (No. 321)
Springfield House, Campbeltown (No. 322)
Town House, Campbeltown (No. 323)
Union Street, Campbeltown (No. 324)
Limecraigs House (No. 332)
Whitehill (No. 338)
Township and Mill, Drumgarve (No. 340)
Cruck-framed house, High Kilkivan (No. 343)
Campbeltown Coal Canal (No. 347)
Distilleries, Campbeltown (No. 348)
Horse-gang, South Killellan Farm (No. 351)
Carved stone, 11 Kirk Street, Campbeltown (No. 358)
Armorial panel, Lossit House (No. 366)
Carved stones, Low Tirfergus (No. 367)
Architectural fragments, Oatfield House (No. 368)
Millstone quarry, Bruce's Stone, Ugadale (No. 370)
Barbreck's Well, Kilkerran (No. 374)
GIGHA AND CARA PARISH
Cairn, Aird Thorr Innse, Gigha (No. 12)
Cairn, Ardlamey, Gigha (No. 13)
Cairn, Cárn Bán, Gigha (No. 19)
Cairn, Cárn na Faire, Gigha (No. 20)
Cairn (possible), Cnoc Largie, Gigha (No. 23)
Cairns, Cnoc na Carraigh, Gigha (site) (No. 24)
Cairns, Cnoc na Croise, Gigha (sites) (No. 25)
Cairns, East Tarbert Bay, Gigha (No. 29)
"Cairn", Port na Cléire, Gigha (No. 44)
"Cairn", West Tarbert Bay, Gigha (No. 51)
Cists, Ardlamey, Gigha (sites) (No. 52)
Cist, Ardminish, Gigha (No. 53)
Cists, Cnoc na Carraigh, Gigha (sites) (No. 63)
Cist, Druimyeonbeg, Gigha (site) (No. 66)
"Cist", Druimyeon More, Gigha (No. 67)
Cist, East Tarbert Bay, Gigha (site) (No. 68)
Burials, Kinererach, Gigha (sites) (No. 78)
Cist, Kinererach, Gigha (No. 79)
Burial (possible), Leim, Gigha (site) (No. 80)
Cist, North Druimachro, Gigha (No. 82)
Cist, Tarbert, Gigha (site) (No. 86)
Standing stone, Carragh an Tarbert, Gigha (No. 136)
Standing stone, Cnoc na Carraigh, Gigha (site) (No. 138)
"Fort", Achamore, Gigha (No. 154)
Fort, Dùn Chibhich, Gigha (no. 164)
Dun, Dùnan an t-Seasgain, Gigha (No. 194)
Dun, Dùnan Buidhe, Gigha (No. 196)
Dun, Dùn an Trinnse, Gigha (No. 199)
Dun, Gallochoille Cottage, Gigha (No. 210)
Dun, North Druimachro, Gigha (No. 227)
Ogam stone, Cnoc na Carraigh, Gigha (No. 244)
Viking burial (probable), East Tarbert Bay, Gigha (site) (No. 245)
Enclosure, Cnoc nan Gobhar, Gigha (No. 249)
Chapel, Cara (No. 268)
Old Parish Church, Gigha (No. 276)
Burial-ground and Cross, Tarbert, Gigha (No. 305)
Early Christian symbols, Tarbert, Gigha (No. 306)
Cara House, Cara (No. 327)
Manse, Gigha (No. 330)
Architectural fragments, Achamore House, Gigha (No. 357)
Rock carving, Eilean na Croise (No. 359)
Font, Parish Church, Gigha (No. 361)
Quern quarries, Achamore, Gigha (No. 369)
Millstone quarry, Port na Cathrach, Gigha (No. 371)
Tobar Bheathaig, Gigha (No. 375)
KILCALMONELL PARISH
Cairn, Corriechrevie (No. 27)
Burials, Balinakill (sites) (No. 55)
Cist and standing stones, Ballochroy (No. 57)
Burials, Kilchamaig (sites) (No. 72)
Cist, Kilchamaig (site) (No. 73)
Cup-and-ring markings, Ballochroy (No. 89)
Cup-markings, Whitehouse Burn (No. 129)
Standing stones, Escart (No. 143)
Standing stone, Loch Ciaran (No. 150)
Forts and dun, Dùn Skeig (No. 165)
Fort, Ronachan Bay (No. 174)
Dun, Dùn Ronachain (No. 206)
Dun, Eilean Àraich Mhòir (No. 209)
Dun, Leamnamuic (No. 223)
Dun, Minen (No. 226)
Crannogs, Lochan Dughaill, Clachan (sites) (No. 241)
Crannog (possible), Loch Ciaran (site) (No. 242)
Enclosure, Ballochroy (No. 246) |
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Page number xxxv |
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REGISTER OF MONUMNERS BY CIVIL PARISHES
Cross, Balinakill (No. 260)
Cille Bhride, Whitehouse (No. 269)
Parish Church, Clachan (No. 270)
Burial-ground, Cladh Mhicheil (No. 271)
Chapel, Kilchamaig (site) (No. 278)
Burial-ground, Kilmichael, Ballochroy (No. 293)
Burial-ground, Sheanakill, Clachan (site) (No. 302)
Burial-ground, Tarbert (No. 304)
Tarbert Castle (No. 316)
Tarbert Village (No. 334)
Shielings, Talatoll (No. 345)
Old Bridge, Ballochroy (No. 353)
Old Bridge, Tighnadrochit (No. 356)
Sundial, Gartnagrenach (No. 360)
Architectural fragments, Glenreasdell Lodge (No. 362)
KILLEAN AND KILCHENZIE PARISH
Chambered cairn, Beacharr (No. 3)
Cairn, Barlea (No. 15)
Cairns (possible), Barr Mains (No. 16)
Cairn (probable), Ballochantuy (site) (No. 17)
Cairn, Glencreggan (site) (No. 31)
Cairn, Killocraw 1 (No. 35)
Cairn, Killocraw 2 (No. 36)
"Tumulus", Largiemore (No. 38)
Cairn, Low Ballevain (site) (No. 40)
Cairn (possible), South Muasdale (No. 47)
"Tumulus", The Temple, Tayinloan (No. 48)
Burial (possible), Balnagleck (site) (No. 58)
Burial, Beachmeanach 1 (site) (No. 59)
Burial, Beachmeanach 2 (site) (No. 60)
Cist, Killarow (site) (No. 75)
Cist, Killmaluag (site) (No. 76)
Cists, Kilmaho (sites) (No. 77)
Burial, Red Cove (site) (No. 83)
Cist, Tangy Loch (No. 84)
Burial, Tangytavil (site) (No. 85)
Burial, Tayinloan (site) (No. 87)
Cup-and-ring markings, Blary (No. 90)
Cup-and-ring markings, Braids (No. 91)
Cup-and-ring markings, Drumnamucklach (No. 92)
Cup-and-ring markings, Glencreggan (No. 93)
Cup-and-ring markings, Killmaluag (No. 93)
Cup-and-ring markings, Killocraw (No. 95)
Cup-and-ring markings, Low Clachaig (No. 96)
Cup-and-ring markings, North Beachmore (No. 97)
Cup-markings, Achaglass (No. 98)
Cup-markings, Auchadaduie (No. 100)
Cup-markings, Ballure (No. 102)
Cup-markings, Beachmeanach (No. 103)
Cup-markings, Cleongart (No. 105)
Cup-markings, Gortinanane (No. 113)
Cup-markings, High Crubasdale (No. 114)
Cup-markings, Highpark (No. 115)
Cup-markings, Kilchenzie School (No. 116)
Cup-markings, Lagloskine (No. 118)
Cup-markings, Loch Dirigadale (No. 120)
Cup-markings, South Crubasdale (No. 126)
Cup-markings, Tangy Loch (No. 127)
Cup-markings, Tighnamoile (No. 128)
Standing stone, Arnicle (No. 130)
Standing stone, Barlea (No. 132)
Standing stone, Barr Mains (site) (No. 133)
Standing stone, Beacharr (No. 134)
Standing stone, Drum (site) (No. 141)
Standing stone, Drumalea (No. 142)
Standing stone, Highpark (No. 148)
Standing stone, South Muasdale (No. 153)
Fort, Killean (No. 168)
Fort, Killocraw (No. 169)
Forts, Largiemore (No. 171)
Fort, Westport (No. 177)
Dun, Auchadaduie (No. 178)
Dun, Bellochantuy (No. 185)
Dun, Blary (No. 186)
Dun, Corputechan (No. 190)
Dun, Dùn a' Bhuic (No. 192)
Dun, Dùn Ach' na h-Àtha (No. 193)
Dun, Dùn an Fhamhair (site) (No. 197)
Dun, Dùnan Muasdale (No. 198)
Dun, Dùn Bàrr Uachdaraich (No. 200)
Dun, Dùn Beachaire (No. 201)
Dun, Dùn Domhnuill (No. 202)
Dun, Dùn Fhinn (No. 203)
Dun, Dùn Mhic Choigil (No. 205)
Dun, Dùn Sheallaidh (No. 207)
Dun, Garvalt (No. 212)
Dun, Glenacardoch (No. 213)
Dun, Glencreggan (No. 214)
Dun, Port a' Chaisteil (No. 229)
Dun, Port nam Marbh (No. 230)
Dun, Putechantuy (No. 231)
Dun, Red Cove (No. 232)
Dun (probable), Rhunahaorine (site) (No. 233)
Enclosure, Balnagleck (No. 247)
Enclosure, Beachmeanach (No. 248)
Parish Church, A' Chleit (No. 258)
Parish Church, Bellochantuy (No. 261) |
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Page number xxxvi |
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REGISTER OF MONUMENTS BY CIVIL PARISHES
Burial-ground, Cladh nam Paitean (No. 272)
Old Parish Church, Kilchenzie (No. 280)
Old Parish Church, Killean (No. 287)
Burial-ground, Killmaluag (site) (No. 290)
Burial-ground, Killocraw (site) (No. 291)
Chapel, Kilmaho (site) (No. 292)
Old Largie Castle (site) (No. 312)
Fortified dwelling, Tangy Loch (No. 315)
Ballure (No. 325)
Barr House (No. 326)
Drumore, Bellochantuy (No. 329)
Old House, High Clachaig (No. 331)
Cottage, Tayinloan (No. 335)
Tigh na Chladaich, Muasdale (No. 336)
Tangy Mill (No. 352)
Old bridge, Muasdale (No. 354)
Old bridges, Putechantuy (No. 355)
Carved stones, Killmaluag Farm (No. 365)
Tobar Mhicheil, Barr Mains (No. 376)
Indeterminate remains, Arnicle (No. 377)
Indeterminate remains, Rosehill (No. 378)
SADDELL AND SKIPNESS PARISH
Chambered cairn, Brackley (No. 5)
Chambered cairn, Glenreasdell Mains (No. 6)
"Cairn", Cnoc an t-Suidhe (No. 22)
Cairn, Cnoc na Sgratha (No. 26)
Cairn, Eas Fhaolain (No. 28)
Cist, Cour (site) (No. 64)
Cist, Crow Glen (No. 65)
Cists, Glenreasdell Mains (sites) (No. 70)
Cist, Grogport (No. 71)
Cup-markings, Altagalvash (No. 99)
Cup-markings, Claonaig (No. 104)
Cup-markings, Culindrach (No. 106)
Cup-markings, Eas Fhaolain (No. 107)
Cup-markings, Gleann Baile na h-Uamha (No. 108)
Cup-markings, Glenbuie (No. 109)
Cup-markings, Glenreasdell Mains 1 (No. 110)
Cup-markings, Glenreasdell Mains 2 (No. 111)
Cup-markings, Glenskible (No. 112)
Cup-markings, Làrach Mòr Burn (No. 119)
Cup-markings, North Crossaig (No. 122)
Cup-markings, Oragaig (No. 123)
Cup-markings, Skipness Home Farm (No. 124)
Cup-markings, Whitehouse Burn (No. 129)
Fort, Carradale Point (No. 160)
Fort, Saddell (No. 175)
Dun, Dùnan Breac (No. 195)
Dun, Eascairt (No. 208)
Dun, Grogport Old Manse (No. 216)
Dun, Rubha nan Sgarbh (No. 235)
Dun, Sunadale (No. 236)
Earthwork, Portrigh Strip (site) (No. 254)
Enclosure, Sliabh nan Dearc (No. 256)
Burial-ground, Brackley (No. 262)
Burial-ground, Claonaig (site) (No. 273)
Parish Church, Claonaig (No. 274)
Kilbrannan Chapel, Skipness (No. 277)
Saddell Abbey (No. 296)
Burial-ground, Torrisdale Castle (No. 307)
Airds Castle, Carradale (No. 308)
Saddell Castle (No. 313)
Skipness Castle (No. 314)
Saddell House (No. 333)
Torrisdale Castle (No. 337)
Shielings, Gartavaich (No. 341)
Garvoine township, Skipness (No. 342)
Illicit still, Skipness (site) (No. 350)
Millstone quarry, Rhonadale (No. 372)
Millstone quarry, Skipness (No. 373)
SOUTHEND PARISH
Chambered cairn, Blasthill (No. 4)
Chambered cairn (probable), Macharioch (No. 11)
Cairn, Blasthill (No. 18)
Cairns, Largybaan (No. 39)
Cairn, Pennygown (No. 43)
Standing stone, Brunerican (No. 135)
Standing stone, Culinlongart (No. 140)
Standing stone, Knockstapple (No. 149)
Fort, Cnoc Araich (No. 161)
Fort, Dùnan (No. 163)
Fort, Sròn Uamha (No. 176)
Dun, The Bastard (No. 184)
Dun, Borgadel Water (No. 187)
Dun, Cnoc Eibhleach (No. 188)
Dun, Culinlongart (No. 191)
Dun, Dùn Glas (No. 204)
Dun, Glenehervie (site) (No. 215)
Dun (probable), High Keil (No. 217)
Dun, Lephenstrath (No. 224)
Dun (probable), Macharioch (No. 225)
Dun, Ormsary (No. 228)
Dun, Rubha a' Mharaiche (No. 234) |
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Page number xxxvii |
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| argyll-1971/01-036 |
REGISTER OF MONUMENTS BY CIVIL PARISHES
Keil Cave, Southend (No. 243)
Enclosure, Fort Burn (No. 250)
Enclosure, Glenehervie (No. 251)
Motte, Macharioch (No. 257)
Caibeal Catriona (No. 263)
Chapel and burial-ground, Feorlan (site) (No. 275)
Burial-ground, Kilchattan (site) (No. 279)
Burial-ground, Kilirvan (site) (No. 284)
Chapel, Lag nan Clach (site) (No. 295)
St. Blaan's chapel and burial-ground (site) (No. 297)
St. Coivin's chapel and burial-ground (No. 299)
St. Columba's Church, Southend (No. 300)
St. Ninian's Chapel, Sanda (No. 301)
Parish Church, Southend (No. 303)
Dunaverty Castle (No. 309)
Dovecot, Carskiey (No. 328)
Balmavicar township (No. 339)
Farmhouse, Keremenach (No. 344)
Mull of Kintyre lighthouse (No. 349)
Cross-finial, Keil House (No. 364)
NOT CONFINED TO
A SINGLE PARISH
Bloomeries (No. 346) |
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| argyll-1971/01-037 |
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN
THE REFERENCES
Anderson, Gigha -- Anderson, R.S.G., The Antiquities of Gigha, A Surrey and Guide. second edition,
Newton Stewart. 1939.
APS -- The Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland, Edinburgh, 1814-75.
Arch. J. -- The Archaeological Journal.
Bede. Glencreggan -- Bede, C., Glencreggan: or, a Highland Home in Cantire, London, 1861.
Blaeu's Atlas (Kintyre) -- Pont-Gordon Map of second quarter of 17th century. first published in Scottish
volume of Blaeu's Atlas in 1654.
B.M. -- British Museum.
Cast, and Dom. Arch -- MacGibbon, D. and Ross, T., The Castellated and Domestic Architecture of Scot-
land, Edinburgh. 1887-92.
DES (date) -- Discovery and Excavation, Scotland, Annual publication of Scottish Regional
Group, Council for British Archaeology.
Dobie, "Perambulations" -- Dobie, W., "Fragments of Perambulations in Kintyre in the summer of 1833"
(Society of Antiquaries of Scotland MS 573).
Drummond, Monuments -- Drummond, J., Sculptured Monuments in lona and the West Highlands, Edin-
burgh. 1881.
Easson, Religious Houses -- Easson, D. E., Mediaeval Religious Houses, Scotland. etc., London, 1957.
ECMS -- Allen, J. Romilly and Anderson, J., The Early Christian Monuments Of Scotland,
Edinburgh, 1903.
ECMW -- Nash-Williams, V.E. The Early Christian Monuments of Wale', Cardiff. 1950.
Exch. Rolls -- The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland, Edinburgh, 1878-1908.
Fasti -- Scott, H, Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae, revised Edinburgh 1915-
Gen. Coll. -- Macfarlane, W., Genealogical Collections concerning Families in Scotland, SHS,
1900.
Geog. Coll. -- Macfarlane, W., Geographical Collections to Scotland, SHS, 1906-8.
Gregory, Western Highlands -- Gregory, D., The History Of the Western Highlands and Isles of Scotland,
A.D. 1493 to A.D. 1625..., second edition, London and Glasgow. 1881.
Hay, Post-Reformation Churches. -- Hay, G., The Architecture of Scottish Port-Refrmation Churches 1560-1843,
Oxford, 1957.
Highland Papers -- Macphail, J. R. N. (ed.), Highland Papers, SHS, 1914-34.
Hist. Mss. Comm -- Reports of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts, London, 1870-
Howson, Antiquities -- Howson, J. S., "On the Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Argyllshire" in Transactions
of the Cambridge Camden Society. 1842 and 1845.
Inventory of [County] -- Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland:
Inventory of the Ancient and Historical and Constructions in [the
county stated].
JRSAI -- The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland.
Kintyre Collections (followed by
MS number and title) -- Collections of the Kintyre Antiquarian Society in Campbeltown Public Library.
Lhuyd -- Campbell. J. L. and Thomson, D., Edward Lhuyd in the Scottish Highlands 1699-
1700, Oxford, 1963.
xxxix |
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| argyll-1971/01-038 |
ABBREVIATED TITLES
MacDonald, Argyll -- MacDonald, C. M., The History of Argyll up to the beginning of the sixteenth century, Glasgow, 1950.
MacDonald, Clan Donald -- MacDonald, A. and MacDonald, A., The Clan Donald, Inverness, 1896- 1904.
Mackinlay, Non-Scriptural Dedications -- Mackinlay, J. M., Ancient Church Dedications in Scotland: Non-Scriptural Dedications, Edinburgh, 1914.
MacVicar, Campbeltown -- MacVicar, A. (ed.), Campbeltown 1700-1950, A Souvenir Booklet, Campbeltown, 1950.
Martin, Western Islands -- Martin, M., A Description of the Western Islands of Scotland, new edition, Stirling, 1934.
McInnes, "Catalogue" -- "Scroll Descriptive Catalogue of Local Prehistoric Antiquities", complied by L. McInnes, 1935 (MS 92, Collections of Kintyre Antiquarian Society in Campbeltown Public Library).
McKerral, Kintyre -- McKerral, A., Kintyre in the seventeenth century, Edinburgh, 1948.
M'Intosh, Kintyre -- M'Intosh, P., History of Kintyre, Campbeltown, 1861.
Megalithic Enquiries -- Powell, T. G. E. et al., Megalithic Enquiries in the West of Britain, Liverpool, 1969.
Monro, Western Isles -- Munro, R. W., Monro's Wester Isles of Scotland and Genealogies of the Clans 1549, Edinburgh, 1961.
Muir, Eccles. Notes -- Muir, T. S. Ecclesiological Notes on some of the Islands of Scotland, Edinburgh, 1885.
Name Book -- Original Name-books of the Ordnance Survey, County of Argyll.
Nat. Lib. of Scot. -- National Library of Scotland.
Nisbet, Heraldry (1772 ed.) -- Nisbet, A., A System of Heraldry, Edinburgh, 1772.
N.M.R.S. -- National Monuments Record of Scotland.
NSA -- The New Statistical Account of Scotland, Edinburgh, 1845.
Origines Parochiales -- Origines Parochiales Scotiae, Bannatyne Club, 1851-5.
Palace of History -- Scottish Exhibition of National History, Art and Industry, Glasgow (1911). Palace of History, Catalogue of Exhibits.
Pennant, Tour (1769) -- (Pennant, T.), A Tour in Scotland; MDCCLXIX, fifth edition, London, 1790.
Pennant, Tour (1772) -- (Pennant, T.), A Tour in Scotland, and Voyage to the Hebrides; MDCCLXXII, (new edition), London, 1790.
Pitcairn, Trials -- Pitcairn, R. (ed.), Criminal Trials in Scotland from 1488 to 1624, Edinburgh, 1833.
PPS -- Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society.
PRIA -- Proceedings in the Royal Irish Academy.
PSAS -- Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland.
RMS -- Registrum Magni Sigilli Regum Scotorum, Edinburgh, 1882-1914.
RPC -- The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland, Edinburgh, 1887- .
RSS -- Registrum Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum, Edinburgh, 1908- .
SHR -- The Scottish Historical Review.
SHS -- Scottish History Society.
Smith, General View -- Smith, J., General View of the Agriculture of the County of Argyll, Edinburgh, 1798.
S.R.O. -- Scottish Record Office, H.M. General Register House, Edinburgh.
SRS -- Scottish Record Society.
SS -- Scottish Studies.
SSS - Stuart, J., Sculptured Stones of Scotland, vol. i, Aberdeen, 1856; vol ii, Edinburgh, 1867.
Stat. Acct. -- The Statistical Account of Scotland, Edinburgh, 1791-9.
Stewart, Campbeltown -- Stewart, J., Views of Campbeltown and Neighbourhood, Edinburgh, 1835.
xl |
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ABBREVIATED TITLES
TBNHS -- Transactions of the Buteshire Natural History Society.
TDGAS -- Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian
Society.
TGAS -- Transactions of the Glasgow Archaeological Society.
Third Stat. Acct. (Argyll). -- The Third Statistical Account of Scotland, The County of Argyll, Glasgow, 1961.
Thomson, Churches. -- Thomson, T. Harvey, The Ancient Churches and Chapels of Kintyre. Reprinted
from The Campbeltown Courier, c. 1935.
Treasurer Accts. -- Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland, Edinburgh, 1877-1916.
White, Kintyre -- White, T. P., Archaeological Sketches in Scotland, District of Kintyre. Edinburgh,
1873.
White, Knapdale -- White, T. P., Archaeological Sketches in Scotland, Knapdale and Gigha. Edin-
burgh, 1875.
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EDITORIAL NOTES
Maps, Grid References and Dates of Visit
At the end of each article will be found the National Grid reference of the monument
in question, the number of the current edition of the 6-inch O.S. sheet on which it occurs,
and the date on which it was examined.
As all the monuments are in 100-kilometre grid square NR, these letters have been
omitted from the grid references. Thus a reference given as 123456 is to be understood as
meaning NR 123456.
Metrication
The plans in this volume are provided with scales in both British and metric units. The
text was originally prepared using British units of measurement, but in anticipation of the
adoption of the Metric System, and in order to maintain a uniformity of presentation
throughout the several volumes that will eventually constitute the Inventory of Argyll, all
measurements have been converted into metric units, the primary unit of length being the
metre. For area measurements the equivalent British units are given alongside the metric
units where these occur in the text, and, as a rough guide to assist the reader to find the
approximate British values for all other measurements, simplified conversion-tables are
printed on pp. xlv f. A copy of these conversion tables is also enclosed in the end-pocket.
In the Plates, ranging-poles show divisions of one foot, and smaller scales show inches.
Scales
To facilitate comparison, the plans of similar earthworks and buildings have been re-
produced wherever possible at uniform scales. The representative fractions principally
employed are: (a) for the majority of prehistoric monuments, 1 : 1000; (b) for smaller
prehistoric monuments and for plans of buildings, 1 : 250; and (c) for elevations of
buildings, 1 : 150.
Inscriptions
Square brackets occurring in the text of an inscription indicate that the words or
letters within them are illegible but have been restored, a question-mark being added when
the restoration is uncertain. Words or letters in round brackets have never existed in the
inscription but have been inserted for the sake of clarity. All ligatures have been expanded.
Air Photograph References
In the case of National Survey photographs, the references consist of the sortie number
followed by the numbers of the two consecutive prints that allow the monument to be
viewed stereoscopically (e.g. 106G/SCOT/UK18, 5366-7); while in the case of photo-
graphs belonging to the Cambridge University Committee for Aerial Photography, the
print number is given first and is followed by the abbreviation C.U.C.A.P.
Place Names
The spelling of place names normally follows the spelling currently adopted by the
Ordnance Survey.
Personal Names
The spelling of personal names is usually modernized, except where these occur in
inscriptions, or in direct quotations from early records.
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EDITORIAL NOTES
Reproductions
Unless otherwise stated, the contents of the volume are all Crown Copyright, but
copies of the photographs, and prints of the plans and other line drawings, can be obtained
from the Secretary, The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of
Scotland, 52/54 Melville Street, Edinburgh, EG3 7HF. The records of the Commission,
which include a number of unpublished photographs of monuments, buildings and relics
referred to in this volume, may also be consulted at that address.
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CONVERSION TABLES, METRIC TO BRITISH VALUES
I. Metres to Feet and Inches 1
[table inserted]
1 The form of this conversion table has been dictated by the
fact that the text was originally prepared using British units of
measurement. The table shows the metric equivalents, correct
to two decimal places, of feet and inches by intervals of one
inch up to 10 feet, then by intervals of one foot to 100 feet,
and thereafter by intervals of 10 feet up to 1000 feet.
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CONVERSON TABLES
[table inserted]
2. Kilometres to Miles
[table inserted]
3. Area measurements
The metric unit of area is the square metre; ten thousand metres = one hectare (1 ha), One hectare is
approximately two and a half acres (1 ha = 2.47 acres).
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INTRODUCTION
to the Inventory of the Ancient and Historical
Monuments of Kintyre
PART 1. GENERAL
THE LAND AND ITS RESOURCES
KINTYRE is a peninsula which projects south-south-westwards from the mainland of
Argyll, forming a barrier between the Atlantic and the Firth of Clyde. It is about 65 km
long, varies in breadth from 9 km to 15 km for the greater part of its length, and ends
in a wider block measuring 15 km by 18 km. The high, steep-faced Mull of Kintyre, which
forms its south-west corner, must have loomed as a formidable sea-mark to early mariners
navigating the North Channel, and the name Kintyre, often mentioned in the Irish records,
no doubt originated with them - Ceann Tire meaning "Head of the Land" or, perhaps better,
"End of the Land". That a name Sáil Tire, "Heel of the Land", was also in use at some time
is inferred from its Norse adaptation Saltiri. 1 The Mull was evidently known in Classical
times, as Ptolemy, on his map of North Britain, marks it as '[----] or Epidium pro.
montorium, with the tribal name Epidii immediately to the north. This name, meaning "The
Horse-people", is derived from an early British word epos, "horse", and shows that at the date
in question Kintyre was occupied by a British-speaking tribe associated in some way with
horses.2 An Irish record of Aird Echdi i Cinn Tíre, "The headland of Echdc in Kintyre",
represents the Gaelic equivalent of [----].3 The Mull is no more than 22 km, at
nearest, from the Irish coast; the south-east corner of the peninsula is similarly some 43 km
from Galloway; and the east side varies between 5 km and 16 km from Arran. As a result, the
outlook to seaward from the southern cliffs seems to be over a wide, landlocked basin, con-
necting rather than separating the surrounding communities. The northern end of the
peninsula is an isthmus, 1.5 km wide, between East and West Loch Tarbert, the former
opening to Clyde waters and the latter to the Atlantic; the Gaelic place-name Tairbeart is
typical of an isthmus site, as it means "carry-over" or "portage". The west side of the peninsula,
for the northernmost 15 km of its length, is bordered by West Loch Tarbert, itself nowhere as
much as 2 km in breadth. Off the west coast lie the islands of Gigha and Cara, and the seaward
approaches to the Sound of Jura.
1 Watson, W. J., The History of the Celtic Place-names of Scotland
(1926), 92.
2 That certain early Celtic tribes went in for something in the
way of animal totems is suggested by such names as Catti
(Caithness), Orci (Orkney), or Boccraige (in Ireland), and this
explanation of the name seems preferable to Watson's
(op. cit., 23 f.).
3 Ibid., 24. In this connection Watson points out that Kintyre
was the home of the MacEacherns, whose name derives from
Mac Each-thighearna, "Son of the Horse-Lord".
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INTRODUCTION : GENERAL
The shores rise, in places steeply, to a hinterland of hills showing no very regular pattern.
The highest, Beinn an Tuirc (455 m) with Beinn Bhreac (426 m) and one or two others which
top 400 m, are grouped somewhat south of the mid-point of the peninsula, overlooking
Carradale; another high group, with Cnoc Moy (446 m) and Beinn na Lice (428 m), overlooks
the west coast of the terminal block; and in the north Cnoc a' Bhaile-shìos (422 m) stands
half-way between Tarbert and Skipness. Many of the other summits rise to between 250 m
and 350 m, and between them there extend peat-covered slopes and levels, with a sprinkling of
lochs and bogs. The bulk of the drainage runs eastwards, the larger burns occupying valleys
of pre-glacial origin which were once, no doubt, tributary to a main channel in what is now
Kilbrannan Sound; the Barr and Clachaig Waters fall into the Atlantic Ocean, and the
Conieglen and Breackcrie Waters go south to the North Channel. Between 10 km and 13 km
from Tarbert the peninsula is crossed by a wide saddle, with a greatest elevation of only
127 m; and the southern terminal block is cut off from the rest by a major topographical
division, made up, on the west, by the Machrihanish flats and mosses, and on the east by the
deep indentation of Campbeltown Loch.
Nearly the whole of the peninsula north of a line between Machrihanish and Campbeltown
is formed of Dalradian Schists, as is also the south-west part of the terminal block. A belt of
epidotic schists, possibly representing metamorphosed basic igneous rocks and tuffs, parallels
West Loch Tarbert, about 2 km inland, from Tarbert to beyond Whitehouse, and another
stretch of them appears west of Beinn an Tuirc. Small intrusions of basalt are common all
through the schist. A short distance north of the Machrihanish flats, themselves underlain by
blown sand and recent alluvium, some metamorphic limestone appears, with basalt of
Carboniferous age; and immediately south-west of the flats further Carboniferous formations,
which have been worked for coal. The eastern part of the terminal block is mainly of Old
Red Sandstone, with some Dalradian Schist. Boulder-clay is spread all over the lower ground,
in some glens to considerable depth.
While the bulk of the interior is peat-covered, and classified as rough grazing by the Land
Survey of 1925, areas of arable ground interspersed with grassland are found at the mouths
and on the lower-lying flanks of the valleys, as well as in some coastal bays and on the gentler
seaward slopes. The chief arable areas are marked on the Land Survey map as occupying the
low ground west and south-west of Campbeltown, thence northwards along the west coast to
beyond Tayinloan and in the Barr and Clachaig glens, in lower Glen Lussa, sporadically beside
the seaward part of West Loch Tarbert, on the Claonaig Water and behind the village of
Skipness. This distribution, however, is considerably influenced by physical and climatic
conditions, and not simply by the nature of the soil.
The climate 1 in general tends towards mildness and humidity, rainfall varying with eleva-
tion. The driest region, with Jess than 1270 mm (50 in.) per annum, is a narrow strip on the
west coast, between Whitehouse and Machrihanish, including the Machrihanish flats and the
low-lying farmland south of them. At Largie, in this strip, the wettest month is October (150
mm or 5.90 in.) and the driest April and June (72 mm or 2.85 in.). Another narrow strip with
less than 1270 mm (50 in.) borders the south coast from near Southend to Ru Stafnish. By
1 For the following data the Commisioners are indebted to the Superintendent of the Meteorological Office, Edinburgh.
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INTRODUCTION : GENERAL
contrast, the figure rises to over 1778 mm (70 in.) in the mountainous area of the interior
dominated by Beinn an Tuirc. A zone receiving between 1778 mm (70 in.) and 1524 mm
(60 in.) occupies most of the rest of the body of the peninsula, together with isolated blocks of
high ground north of the Mull, south and south-west of Campbeltown, and between Tarbert
and Skipness. At Tarbert (1480 mm or 58.27 in.) the wettest month is again October (178 mm
or 6.99 in.) and the driest May (84 mm or 3.32 in.),
Records of temperature and sunshine are only available for Campbeltown, and they give the
following estimated long-term averages (1931-60). Temperature, 9.5° C or 49.1° F, with
warmest month August (14.7° C or 58.1° F) and coldest January and February (4.9° C or
40.8° F); sunshine duration 1430 hours, with maximum in May (224 hours) and minimum in
December (33 hours). These figures are reasonably representative of the drier coastal strips,
but both temperature and sunshine duration must decrease away from the coast and particu-
larly over higher ground.
The road-system has grown up in accordance with the pattern of settlement, itself deter-
mined by the topography. The fact that farms are strung out along the sea-shore has brought
into being a coastwise road on either side of the peninsula; these are linked on the north by a
transverse road, running over the neck from the West Loch to Skipness, while in the south the
west-coast road itself turns off to avoid Aros Moss and crosses the peninsula to Campbeltown.
South of Campbeltown, where the coasts become inhospitable and the arable land is in
the centre, the road to Southend follows a central line, with branches to outlying settlements.
These roads no doubt perpetuate the lines of earlier customary tracks, such as are marked on
Roy's map of Scotland (1747-55) and Langlands' map of Argyll (1801). For example, the
cross-road to Skipness is marked by Roy, but his version of its final 5 km, from which the
modern road has departed, approximates to a hill-track still in use; while in 1801 what is now
the secondary road from A83 to Loch Lussa ran on, again as a track, some 16 km north of the
loch. Langlands also marks three tracks, from coast to coast, which have not been perpetuated
as roads; and unmade tracks can be seen on the ground in great numbers, leading to abandoned
settlements, shielings and peat-hags. The west-coast road possessed more than local im-
portance, as it was already improved as the through route to Campbeltown by 1776;1 the
portage between East and West Tarbert must also for centuries have served others than the
natives of the district.
This is not the place for a discussion of social and economic history, but it is necessary, in
considering communications both internal and external, to recall the important part played by
small ports and landings, in times when the district carried a large population and boats were
commonly available. External communications were very largely by sea, as indeed they still
were until after the first World War. Contact with the Ayrshire coast is a commonplace of
local tradition, and in times when the district carried a large population, and plenty of boats
were available, many small ports an unimproved landings must have been in regular use. |
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Footnote:
1 Taylor, G. and Skinner, A. Survey and Maps of the Roads of North Britain (1776), pl. 17. |
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PART II. THE MONUMENTS
I. THE MESOLITHIC PERIOD (c. 4000-3000 B.C.)
The earliest inhabitants of Kintyre were small groups of hunters and fishermen, evidence
of whose presence in the peninsula is confined to discoveries of their distinctive worked flints.
All the flints in question have come from the vicinity of Campbeltown,1 the principal deposits
being those at Dalaruan (c. 717211),2 Millknowe (c. 715211)3 and the Albyn Distillery
(715209).4 The flints mainly occurred in a well-defined level immediately above the so-called
25 ft. raised beach, 5 and at Dalaruan they underlay a Bronze Age Cinerary Urn burial (No.
62, 4). The most reliable record of the stratigraphy was made at the Albyn Distillery site, where over one thousand implements of flint and quartz were recovered. Only a few of these were water-worn, and the material seems to represent a foreshore occupation, either at the period of maximum transgression of the Post-Glacial sea or at the beginning of its withdrawal to the present shore-line. The majority of the flints are waste flakes, but side-and end-scrapers and a quartz chisel-ended tool were also found. The other sites which have produced flint implements attributable to this period are the Calton Housing Scheme (c. 7121)6 and the Springbank Distillery, Glebe Street (716205),7 both in Campbeltown, and Langa Links, Machrihanish Bay.8
The cultural affinities of the Campbeltown flint industry are still a matter for discussion, but the Irish Larnian material is not now considered to be as closely related to the Kintyre artefacts as was previously thought.9 The flints from the Albyn Distillery site have been compared to material from the Solway area, and the industries of both regions are at present termed the South-west Scottish Coastal Mesolithic.10 The age of the Campbeltown deposits have also been under consideration recently, and it has been suggested11 that, by analogy with other sites in South-west Scotland, they date to about the end of the fifth millennium B.C. It is probable, therefore, that the Mesolithic communities were still occupying the foreshore at the head of Campbeltown loch at much the same time as the arrival of the earliest Neolithic people in the peninsula.
2. THE NEOLITHIC PERIOD (c.3000-2000 B.C.)
The end of the fourth millennium B.C. witnessed the arrival in South-west Scotland of fresh immigrants who brought with them a new form of subsistence economy based upon mixed farming. These settlers reached Kintyre by sea, some of them probably arriving by way of
1 cf McCallien, W. T. and Lacaille, A.D., "The Campbeltown Raised Beach and its contained Stone Industry", PSAS, 1xxv (1940-1), 55ff.
2 Ibid., xxviii (1893-4), 263ff.
3 Lacaille, A.D., The Stone Age in Scotland (1954), 142.
4 PSAS, 1xxv (1940-1), 59ff.
5 The heights of such raised shore-lines vary from place to place. For a discussion of the problems involved, cf. Sissons, J.B., The Evolution of Scotland's Scenery (1967), 166ff.
6 The Campbeltown Courier 6th May, 1946; Lacaille, A.D. The Stone Age in Scotland (1954), 149.
7 DES (1956), 3.
8 Lacaille, op. cit., 288ff.
9 Ibid., 140ff.
10. TDGAS, x1i 1962-3), 72ff., 92f.
11 Ibid., x1v (1968), 53. or this period in SW Scotland only one radiocarbon date is as yet available; it is 4050B.C. #150 (GaK-1601) for a coastal site at Barsalloch, Wigtownshire. |
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INTRODUCTION: THE NEOLITHIC PERIOD
North-east Ireland, and their most enduring monuments are their burial cairns, conceived
on a monumental scale for communal burial over many generations. The eleven examples
known in the peninsula belong to one particular group of chambered tombs, comprising about
one hundred in all, which share common characteristics of design, construction and content.
Their distribution is predominantly coastal, extending from the Solway Firth to Benderloch,
with a few outliers to the north and east ; the largest concentration is centred on the Firth of
Clyde, nearly two-thirds of the total being situated on the islands of Arran and Bute and the
adjoining mainland of Argyll.
Formerly this group of cairns, and a series of generally comparable cairns in Northern
Ireland, were classed together and regarded as the products of a single "Clyde-Carlingford"
culture. However, recent research1 has shown that the two groups must now be considered
to have evolved independently, although they were broadly contemporaneous and ultimately
derived from common sources. The Scottish monuments are, therefore, separately distin-
guished and termed the Clyde-Solway group, or simply Clyde Cairns. Their distribution in
Kintyre (Fig. 1), which is markedly southern and eastern, only one example (No. 3) occurring
on the west side of the peninsula, indicates a preference by their builders for the more fertile
areas, in particular the raised-beach deposits and alluvial gravels.
As a result of the excavation of about a dozen examples during the past twenty years, a
great deal has been learnt about the structural evolution of the Clyde Cairns, and of particular
importance has been the disclosure that a considerable proportion of them are of composite
construction, incorporating one or more earlier structures. No two examples are exactly alike,
and their superficial appearance today may often afford little hint of their complicated history.
In their initial form, however, during the early part of the third millennium B.C., they were
simple in plan and most probably consisted of a single burial-chamber, rectangular in shape and
of megalithic construction, set within a round or oval cairn. During this stage there is little
evidence for external contacts, but their subsequent development was progressively affected by
influences coming from other areas, firstly from South-west England and South Wales, and
secondly from Ireland. In more developed forms the chamber becomes elongated to accom-
modat several compartment (normally between two and five) separated by transverse slabs, and
the cairn itself may assume a trapezoidal or elongated shape. The perimeter of the cairn may be
defined by a dry-stone or orthostatic kerb or peristalith, and the broader end may have a flat
or gently-curving facade consisting of orthostats or dry-stone walling, or a combination of
both in "post and panel" fashion. From the centre of the facade direct access to the main burial-
chamber could be gained between a pair of upright portal-stones (simple entrance) or, in some
cases, by a very short passage or adit, either end of which was defined by a pair of portals
(complex entrance). Features such as the trapezoidal shape of the cairn, the flat facade and the
use of dry-stone walling as found at Beacharr (No. 3) can be seen to be building techniques
adopted from the Cotswold-Severn2 group of chambered tombs of South-west Britain. In its
most fully developed form the cairn may increase in length (normally not more than 46 m),
while the forecourt takes a deep concave shape and the complex entrance becomes obsolete. In
addition to the main burial-chamber, which is normally aligned with the long axis of the cairn
1 Megalithic Enquiries, 175 ff, ; Henshall, A.S., The Chambered Tombs of Scotland, ii, forthcoming.
2 Megalithic Enquiries, 211. |
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INTRODUCTION: THE NEOLITHIC PERIOD
and situated at its broader end, the body of the cairn may also contain a variety of other chambers: these are usually set transversely to the long axis, and may, in some instances, represent earlier structures subsequently incorporated within the final version. In this final stage of their development, which probably occupied the latter part of the third millennium B.C., characteristics such as the deep concave forecourt, as typified at Gort na h-Ulaidhe (no. 7), reflect influences coming from Ireland.
When the typological development outlined above is studied in conjunction with their geographical siting it can be seen that, as a general rule, the simpler and earlier tombs are situated near to the coast on relatively low ground (usually under 45m O.D.), while the more advanced examples are to be found further inland and on higher ground (in several instances over 100m O.D.).
The three Clyde Cairns in Kintyre that have been excavated (Nos. 2, 3 and 5) have yielded a limited but significant assemblage of small finds. In 1892 six pottery vessels were recovered from the burial chamber at Beacharr (No. 3), and they have subsequently given their name to the most important pottery series, termed Beacharra ware, characteristic of the Clyde Cairns as a whole. The most recent assessment of Beacharra ware,1 which followed the re-excavation of the type-site in 1961, distinguished four basic types of round-bottomed, hand-made vessel; these are the lugged bowl (Pl. 3A), the plain bowl (Pl. 2C), the cup (Pl. 2B) and the carinated bowl contracted at the mouth (Pl. 2A). A typological progression for these four types is proposed, beginning with plain-rimmed cups and bowls, sometimes lugged and normally undecorated, and advancing to more elaborate vessels having more intricate decoration made by channelling, incision, stabbing or, more rarely, by impressed cord. The vessels from Beacharr itself would represent an intermediate typological stage in the development of this class of pottery, which may have been influenced to some extent by another type of Neolithic pottery which has been found in Clyde Cairns, termed Rothesay ware. Rothesay ware is not, however, represented in Kintyre. As well as at the type-site, Beacharra ware has also been found at Brackley (No. 5) and at Ardnacross2 (No. 2). A jet slider or belt-fastener and flakes of flint and Arran pitchstone from Beacharr, and a stone disc from Brackley, complete the list of small finds dating to the third millennium B.C. from the chambered cairns. For reference to the subsequent use of these cairns for secondary burials in the second millennium B.C., see infra, pp. 8 f.
While the information available at the present time about the Neolithic inhabitants of Kintyre comes predominantly from their burial cairns, some further evidence of their presence is provided by unassociated surface finds, comprising some twenty-five stone axeheads, seven leaf-shaped arrowheads of flint or chert, a flint "fabricator", a polished macehead and a carved stone ball. About 60% of these objects were found within a five-mile radius of Campbeltown and a further 20% in the parish of Southend, and this concentration in the southern part of the peninsula may serve to emphasise the general pattern of settlement already suggested by the chambered cairns. Some evidence of possible human activity is afforded by recent paleobotanical investigations of Aros Moss, 2 an area of peat-bog forming part of the extensive trough of low ground that stretches across the peninsula between Campbeltown and [Machrihanich]
1 PPS, xxx (1964), 150 ff: Megalithic Enquiries, 198 ff.
2 Nichols, H., Transations of the royal Society of Edinburgh, lxvii (1967-8), 145 ff.
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INTRODUCTION: THE NEOLITHIC PERIOD
Fig. 1. [Map Inserted]
Fig. 2. [Map Inserted]
hanish. Pollen analysis of peat samples has shown that at the transition from the Atlantic to the
sub-Boreal Post-Glacial climatic phases (Pollen Zones VIIa/VIIb), for which there are
radiocarbon dates centred on 3000 B.C. or slightly earlier, 1 there was a marked decline in Ulmus
(elm) pollen and a corresponding increase in the frequency of grass and other non-arboreal
pollens, in particular of Plantago lanceolata (ribwort plantain) and similar light-seeking weeds
of cultivation. This might suggest that in this area of Kintyre, as elsewhere in the British Isles,
deliberate forest-clearance may have been taking place as the result of the arrival of new
immigrants at the end of the fourth millennium B.C.
1 Clark, J.G.D. and Godwin, H., Antiquity, xxxvi (1962), 10ff.
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INTRODUCTION: THE BRONZE AGE
3. THE BRONZE AGE (c. 2000 - 500 B.C.)
Early in the second millennium B.C. the practice of collective burial in chambered tombs was progressively replaced by the ritual of individual burial in a cist or grave, sometimes under a round cairn or barrow. The introduction of this change in burial practice is associated with the arrival of immigrant colonists from the Low Countries and the Rhineland, who brought with them distinctive types of pottery vessels, termed Beakers. Among the earliest Scottish Beakers are those which are decorated over the whole of the outer surface with horizontal cord impressions; although not represented so far in Kintyre, vessels of this type have been discovered in the west of Scotland in sand-dune areas such as Sanna Bay (Ardnamurchan)1, and Luce Sands (Wigtonshire)2. Sherds of similar Beakers, and of others somewhat later in style, have been found in chambered tombs such as Nether Largie (Mid Argyll)3 and Cairnholy I and II (Kirkcudbrightshire)4; and in some cases they accompanied secondary burials, and this suggests that the adoption of the single-grave burial ritual may have been a gradual process. Nor is there initially any marked change in the agricultural and stone-using economies of the majority of the population, for although metal objects occur in association with Beaker burials in a very few instances, including two in Mull5, it was not until later in the second millennium B.C. that copper and bronze technology developed substantially. Only two Beakers are known in Kintyre, one (Pl. 4A) from gravel-pit at Campbeltown (No. 62,3), and the other from the Balnabraid Cairn (No. 14), where it accompanied what appears to have been the earliest burial deposit at that site.
As in the case of the Neolithic period, our knowledge of the Bronze Age in Kintyre is derived from funerary and ritual monuments or from stray finds. Forty-seven round cairns and one barrow (Fig. 1) are recorded in this volume. They range from about 4.5m to 30m in diameter and, apart from the burial cists which they are known to contain in more than a dozen instances, the only other structural features that have been observed are a kerb of boulders (eight examples) and, more rarely, a surrounding ditch and bank (two examples). As regards their siting, two-thirds of the cairns lie on low ground within one kilometre of the coast, and of the remainder only a very few stand in prominent positions on hill-tops or ridges. Being thus in many cases readily accessible, they have in general suffered severely from stone-robbing and other disturbance, eight of them being now completely destroyed. The majority of the cairns are built exclusively of stones, but eight of them can be seen to incorporate a mixture of stones, earth or turf. In two instances (Nos. 31 and 42) it is known that the body of the cairn consisted of at least two elements, an inner core of stones covering a burial cist, and an outer casing of sand, clay and turf; but without further excavation it is impossible to determine whether or not these elements imply two separate structural phases. At Balnabraid (No. 14), the only cairn in the peninsula which has been fully excavated, it is unfortunate that the reports of the original excavations6 fail to distinguish either the stratigraphy of the cairn material or the relationship of the numerous different burials that it was found to contain. However, a recent
1 Man, xxvii (1927), 173 f.
2 PSAS, xcvii (1963-4), 54 f.
3 Ibid., vi (1864-6), 341 ff.; xcv (1961-2), 11.
4 Ibid., lxxxiii (1948-9), 133.
5 Ibid., ix (1870-2), 537 f.; xvii (1882-3), 84 f.; Piggot, S. (ed.), The Prehistoric Peoples of Scotland (1962), 81.
6 PSAS, xlv (1910-11), 434 ff.; liv (1919-20), 172 ff.
8 |
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INTRODUCTION: THE BRONZE AGE
re-assessment (1) indicates that the cairn was in use as a burial place over a period of at least three
centuries during the middle of the second millennium B.C., and may have been re-used during
the Iron Age. At least eleven cists were discovered beneath the cairn material or just outside
the kerb defining its perimeter, and the grave goods accompanying the burials comprised one
Beaker, three Food Vessels and two Cinerary Urns, together with a varied assemblage of
objects of jet, flint, bone and bronze. In its sequence of burial deposits, and the richness of
associated small finds, it is one of the most important Bronze Age sites in Kintyre, and may be
compared with the cairn on Cairncapple Hill (West Lothian). (2) Multiple cist-burials under
cairns are also recorded at Trench Point (No 49) and Carn Ban, Gigha (No 19).
Three burial-monuments at Kilkivan are distinct from the other cairns in Kintyre in having
additional surrounding features; the cairn No 34 is enclosed by two concentric banks, the
outer of which incorporates a standing stone, and the cairn No 21A, by a single ditch with
external bank. Although this association of cairns and surrounding banks is unusual in
Argyll, the Kilkivan examples may be compared in general terms with the class II henge at
Ballymeanach (Mid Argyll) (3), which contains a low cairn in its central area, and with the round
cairn enclosed within a bank at Castle Farm, Barcaldine, in Lorn. (4) The small saucer-barrow
(No. 21B) is without local parallel.
At least forty other cists (Fig.2) have been discovered just below ground surface, ap-
parently never protected by any covering mound. Although they are normally found singly,
in several instances three or more cists are grouped together to form a small cemetery. The cist
cemetery at Kilmaho (No 77), consisting of a group of three cists, is of particular importance
since one of the cists contained two separate inhumations, while in another an inhumation was
accompanied by a remarkable assemblage of grave-goods comprising a Food Vessel, a riveted
bronze knife, a bronze awl and two flint knives. At Glenreasdell Mains (No. 70) one of a group
of five cists had its single surviving end-slab grooved at either end to receive the side slabs; this
jointing technique occurs rarely in cists and is found elsewhere almost exclusively in the
Kilmartin-Lochgilphead area of Mid Argyll.(5)
In addition to the Food Vessels already mentioned, others have been recovered from at
least four individual cists and there are three further unassociated examples. It may be noted
moreover, that a Food Vessel has been found in two instances in association with a secondary
burial in a chambered cairn (nos. 2 and 5). In the latter case (Brackley) the secondary burial
comprised a cremation accompanied by a Food Vessel, a plano-convex flint knife, a number of
objects of flint and pitchstone, and parts of two jet necklaces, one originally of crescentric form
and the other of the simpler two-strand type. Another jet necklace, said to have been found at
the head of Campbeltown Loch, is now preserved at Inverarary Castle (pl.5). There are ten
crescentric jet necklaces from Argyll and Bute, and there associations offer useful chronological
evidence for a number of the Kintyre monuments. On Inchmarnock, off the Island of Bute, (6) a
necklace of this type was found in a rebated cist, which is of a class allied to the grooved cist
from Glenreasdell (No.70). At Mountstuart (Bute), a necklace, a Food Vessel and a fragment
of bronze accompanied the crouched burial of a young woman;(7) the Food Vessel has recently |
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(1) TDGAS, xliv(1967),8I ff. (4) PSAS, lxvii (1932-3), 324 f.
(2) PSAS, lxxxii(1947-8), 68 ff. (5) Ibib.,xciv(1960-1), 46 ff.
(3) Atkinson, R. J. C. et al., Excavations at Dorchester, Oxon. (6) TBNHS, xv (1963), 5 ff.
(1951), 99; PSAS, xcv (1961-2), II. (7) PSAS, xxxviii (1903-4), 63 ff. |
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INTRODUCTION: THE BRONZE AGE
been linked with those from Brackley (No.5), Balnabraid (No.14 cist4) and examples from
Arran, to form a group related to the Irish Bowl series of Food Vessels and described as
Mauchrie Vases. (1) These vessels seem to belong to the mid-second millennium B.C., and in
Kintyre the distribution of objects such as jet necklaces and Food Vessels, as well as the
grooved cist-slab, suggest that the east coast of the peninsula, along with Arran, Bute and the
Kilmartin area of Mid Argyll, were integral parts of a cultural province around the Firth of
Clyde during this period. The west coast of the peninsula on the other hand does not seem to
have been subjected to such strong influences from this area. A similar regional difference
between the two sides of the peninsula has already been noted during the Neolithic period.
Cinerary Urns dating to about the middle of the second millennium B.C. and rather later
have been found at two places (Nos.14 and 62, 4), but other examples of this type of vessel are
probably represented among unspecified "urns" now lost, e.g. those from Balinakill (No.55)
and Campbeltown Gas Works (No. 62, 1 and 2). In the last instance the "urn" containing a
cremation , was accompanied by a riveted bronze dagger (P1.7a) of a type dated to the 16th or
15th century B.C. At Inverary Castle there are twenty-eight amber beads which are said to
have been found with a burial at Balnagleck (No.58), but the position and the circumstances
of the discovery have not been recorded.
While somewhat overshadowed by the outstanding assemblage of cup-and-ring markings
which occur further north in the Lochgilphead-Kilmartin district of Argyll, Kintyre neverthe-
less contains one of the heaviest concentrations of this class of rock-carving in Scotland.
Fifteen examples of cup-and-ring markings are here recorded together with some ninety
instances of plain cup-markings. Their distribution (Fig.5) is mainly confined to the western
half of the peninsulas, but significant numbers of plain cup-markings occur in the north-east
(Skipness parish) and a smaller group exists in the south-east (Glen Lussa). All the cup-and-
ring markings and the great majority of plain cup-markings are found on detached boulders,
but six groups of plain cups occur on natural rock surfaces and two groups on standing stones.
The precise date, affinities and purposes of this type of rock art are as yet unknown but,
largely due to their association with Food Vessel burials in a few instances, they have usually
been assigned to the Brponze Age, (2) On the other hand the current excavations of the passage
grave at Newgrange, Co. Meath (3) where cup-and-ring markings have been found alongside
passage-grave art, suggest that the Galician series may be considerably earlier in origin than has
usually been supposed. Until, however, a complete corpus of the two art styles is available for
the British Isles (4), their relationship and significance cannot be fully assessed.
Little can be said about the dates or affinities of the thirty-four standing stones (Fig.2),
since the majority of them stand in isolation. But at Beacharr (No.134) the largest standing
stone in the peninsula is situated within 30m of a chambered cairn (No.3) and at Barlea
(No.132) a round cairn (No.15) lies only 20m away. At Ballochroy (No.57) a cist, which was
formerly covered by a massive cairn, is in close proximity to a line of three standing stones, and
on the same alignment; a similar arrangement may have existed at Machrihanish (No 42),
while at Kilkivan (No.34) the association of a standing stone with a cairn has already been |
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mentioned (supra, p. 9). Although normally found singly, in two instances (Nos. 57 and 143) a
group of stones forms an alignment of three and five stones respectively, and at Clochkeil (No.
137) there is a group of three stones which do not appear to be arranged in any significant pattern.
The pottery and the gold and bronze objects of this period which have been found in
Kintyre are listed on pp. 12 ff., but unfortunately none of the gold survives. The earliest
bronze finds from the peninsula include the flat axe from Gortan Moss, the riveted knife and
awl from Kilmaho, and the riveted dagger from the Campbeltown Gas Works (P1. 7A).
Several of the bronze spearheads found in the Campbeltown area, which belong to Coles's |
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INTRODUCTION: THE BRONZE AGE
types C and D date from the Middle Bronze Age,1 and the discovery of a steatite mould from "near Campbeltown" suggests that some have been of local manufacture, although one seems to belong to an Irish type.2 The same mould also makes provision for the casting of a leaf-shaped blade, possible a razor; a tanged razor of a type which is thought to date from about 1400 to 1000 B.C.3 was found in the cairn at Balnabraid (No. 14).
Two important deposits of bronze objects (Pl. 6A,B), which were found on the farm of Killeonan (c684188) on two separate occasions about 1884 and 1908 respectively, may have originally belonged to a single hoard. The earlier deposit comprised five swords, a chape, a spearhead and eleven flint flakes, while the second deposit consisted of the bronze prongs and butt of a fleshfork and a fragmentary sword. The swords, chape, spearhead and the fleshfork, the last of which is the only Scottish example of its class, all date to the late 18th century B.C. The other hoards of bronzes from Kintyre are either incomplete or of uncertain association.
Two pins which belong to the distinctive swan's-neck sunflower class are said to have been found near Campbeltown but no further details of their discovery have been recorded; such pins date to the late 6th and 5th centuries B.C.4
1 PSAS, xcviii (1963-4), 142.
2 Ibid., 1xxxi (1946-7), 171f., pl. xx, 1; xcvii (1963-4), 118.
3 Ibid., xcvii (1963-4), 120.
4 Ibid., xcii (1958-9), 8.
LIST OF POTTERY AND GOLD AND BRONZE OBJECTS OF THE BRONZE AGE FOUND IN KINTYRE (FIGS. 3 AND 4)
The following abbreviations are used: CM-Campbeltown Public Library and Museum; GAGM-Glasgow Art Gallery and Museum; HM- Hunterian Museum, University of Glasgow; IC-Inveraray Castle Collections; NMA-National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland, Edinburgh. In Fig.4 the classification of Bronze Age metalwork follows that adopted by Coles in PSAS, xciii (1959-60), 16ff., and xcvii (1963-4), 82ff. |
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OBJECT PROVENANCE, PARTICULARS REFERENCES MUSEUM AND
AND ARTICLE NUMBER ACCESSION NUMBER
Beaker Balnabraid Cairn (No.14) PSAS, 1iv (1919-20), 181, fig.8; HM:A.129
Cist 6, inhumation, two jet TDGAS, x1iv (1967), 85, fig.3
beads, flint knife
Beaker Glebe Street, Campbeltown PSAS, xxviii (1893-4), 263 f.; CM
(No. 62,3, Pl.4A) TDGAS, x1iv (1967), 93, pl. ix
In a gravel pit
Food Vessel Ardnacross, Chambered Cairn DES (1967), 7 GAGM: A683oa
(No. 2)
Secondary deposit
Food Vessel Ardnacross, Cist (No. 54) TDGAS, x1iv (1967), 93 f., fig.4 CM
Food Vessel Ballimenach, Cist (No. 56) PSAS, xcv (1961-2), 131 ff., fig.4 CM
Cremation, flint knife
Food Vessels (3) Balnabraid Cairn (No. 14)
Cist 4, cremation Ibid., 1iv (1919-20), 178, fig.6; HM: A. 130
TDGAS, x1iv (1967), 85, fig.3
Cist 9, inhumation, two flints PSAS, 1iv (1919-20), 182, fig.10; HM: A. 136
flakes TDGAS, x1iv (1967), 85, fig.3
Cist 12, sandstone implement TDGAS, x1iv (1967), 86, fig.3 GAGM:'55-96nx
Food Vessel Brackley, Chambered Cairn (No.5) PSAS, 1xxxix (1955-6), 34f., 39f., fig.9 GAGM: '55-166e
Secondary cremation deposit, jet beads, flint knife, flint and pitchstone flakes
Food Vessel Cour, Cist (No.64) Inhumation, flint flake DES (1961), 13 Private possession, Cour
Food Vessel Craigruadh TDGAS, x1iv (1967), 94, pl. ix CM
Food Vessel Glenramskill, Cist (No. 69, Pl.4B) PSAS, 1xxxv (1950-1), 38 ff., fig. 1, pl.vi CM
Food Vessel Kilmaho, Cist 3 (No. 77) Inhumation, bronze knife, awl and two flint knives DES (1959), 3 CM
Food Vessels (2) "Loup, near Clachan, West Loch Tarbert" PSAS, 1xxxiii (1948-9), 247; TDGAS, x1iv (1967), 94, pl. ix NMA:EE 144 and 145
Cinerary Urns (2) Balnabraid Cairn (No. 14) "Cist" 5, cremation, bone toggle, bronze fragments, flint flake PSAS, x1v (1910-11), 434 ff., fig. 1; 1iv (1919-20), 178 f., fig. 4; TDGAS, x1iv (1967), 87, fig. 4 Possibly either Cist 10 or 11 TDGAS, x1iv (1967), 87, fig. 4 GAGM: '55-96ny
Cinerary Urn Dalaruan, Campbeltown (No. 62, 4, Pl. 4c) Cremation PSAS, xxviii (1893-4), 264 ff.; TDGAS, x1iv (1967), 95, pl. x CM
"Urns" Balinakill (No. 55) Name Book, No. 11, p. 47; White, Kintyre, 137 Lost
"Urn" Campbeltown Gas Works (No. 62, I) "Containing a considerable number of bones" The Argyllshire Herald, 16th June, 1868 Lost
"Urn" Campbeltown Gas Works (No.62, 2) Cremation, riveted bronze dagger Ibid., 15th August, 1868 Lost |
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INTRODUCTION : THE EARLY CHRISTIAN PERIOD
CAVE OCCUPATION, MISCELLANEOUS EARTHWORKS AND ENCLOSURES
So far Keil Cave (No. 243) is the only cave in the peninsula known to have been inhabited
during the Iron Age. The relics recovered from excavations conducted between 1933 and 1935
have recently been re-examined, 1 and it seems likely that occupation began in the 3rd or 4th
century A.D.
Of the eleven miscellaneous earthworks and enclosures, one (No. 251) may represent an
initial stage in the construction of an unfinished Iron Age fort, while some at least of the
remainder may also be of Iron Age date.
5. THE EARLY CHRISTIAN PERIOD
Under this head are considered monuments of the period that begins with the first appearance
of Christian memorials in Galloway in the 5th century, and ends with the introduction of the
Romanesque style of architecture into Western Scotland in the 12th century. No remains of
any ecclesiastical buildings attributable to this period have been identified in the course of the
present survey, but the evidence of Kil-names,2 and the distribution of Early Christian carved
stones, suggests that many of the medieval and later churches and burial-grounds occupy early
ecclesiastical sites. The occupation of St. Ciaran's Cave (No. 298), perhaps by an anchorite, at
some time before the 12th century, is also indicated by one of the carvings, but the wall that
was built to seal off the mouth of the cave is probably somewhat later in date.
Although comparatively few in number, the carved stones display considerable variety.
Most of them have been found within or beside pre-Reformation burial-grounds, but not all
of them served funerary purposes. The small slab at Killean, for example, which has five
crosses on one face and a single cross on the other (p. 136, Fig. 139), probably stood on an
altar or praying-station, while some of the larger shaped crosses, such as those at Tarbert,
Gigha (pp. 155 Fig. 159) and Killcan (p. 136, Fig. 140), may have been erected as acts of piety
or to commemorate specific events. 'The simple nature of most of these carvings, and the lack
of evidence from associated remains, forbids close dating, but it is probable that the earliest
(late 6th or 7th century) are a grave-marker bearing a simple incised Latin cross at Killmaluag
(p. 208), a small cluster of incised symbols on a boulder at Tarbert, Gigha (p. 156, Fig. 160),
and an ogam-inscribed pillar, also on the island of Gigha (pp. 96 f., Fig. 107). Another group of
carvings on unshaped or only roughly dressed slabs or boulders at Clachan (p. 109, nos. 1 and
2), Kilchenzie (p. 121), Kilkerran (p. 125, Fig. 132), and St. Ciaran's Cave (pp. 145 f., Fig. 147),
and the cross-decorated slab at Killean referred to above, could date before the 9th century, but
might conceivably be later; while the upright cross-slab on Sanda (pp. 151 ff., Fig. 155), and the
shaped crosses at Balinakill (p. 102, Fig. 116), Killean(p. 136, Fig. 140), Tarbert, Gigha (pp. 155f.,
Fig. 159) and Sanda (p. 153, no. 2) are unlikely to be earlier than the 9th century. Lastly there
are a few monuments which could belong either to the Early Christian or to the medieval
period: such are the important 12th - or 13th-century cross-head recovered from the sea at
1 PSAS., xcix (1966-7), 104 ff.
2 Cf. Medieval Archaeology, xi (1967), 179 ff. and references
there cited.
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INTRODUCTION: THE MIDDLE AGES AND LATER
Southend (p. 150 Fig. 152), a small undecorated cruciform stone at Clachan (p. 109, no.3), and two stones bearing simple Latin crosses carved in relief on Cara (p. 120) and at Kilmichael, Ballochroy(p . 139). The Gigha ogam is irish and as might be expected, a number of the other stones -particularly the smalol cross-decorated slab at Killean and the cross-head from Southend- show strong Irish influence.
As regards secular monuments, a Dark age origin has been suggested for the fort on Ranachan Hill (No. 173), but the possibility of an earlier date can not be ruled out. Several duns in the region are, however, known from excavation to have been occupied in the early Christian period. Thus, at Kildalloig (No 219) the upper occupation levels yielded sherds of Class E ware, an imported pottery current in Western Britain from the late 5th to the 7th or 8th century A.D., and a glass bead of dumb-bell shape, similar to examples found in the Dark Age crannogs at Ballinderry Lough, Co. Offaly, and Lagore, Co. Meath. At Kildonan Bay (No. 220) the most important single piece of evidence is a bronze penannular brooch, probably of 9th-century date, which could not, however, be assigned specifically to any particular structural period represented in the dun. Single Dark Age beads were also found at both Dun Fhinn (No. 203) and Ugadale (No 238). At the former site the bead was dumb-bell shapedand similar in date to the one discovered at Kildalloig; at the latter it was rounded with spiral motifs, and probably belonged to the 8th century.
A recent examination of the relics recovered from Keil Cave (No. 243) has indicated that it, too, was inhabited intermittently from the 3rd or 4th century onwards. On the other hand the only Viking objects so far recorded in Kintyre are the balance and weights, said to have to have been found on the island of Gigha in association with a cist burial (No. 245), which were presented to the Hunterian Museum, University of Glasgow, in 1849. The balance is thought to have been made in Ireland and to be of 10th-century date.
6. THE MIDDLE AGES AND LATER
Motte
The only Motte to have been identified during the course of the present survey is an artificially trimmed natural mound at Macharioch (No. 257), and this has no recorded history.
ECCLESIASTICAL MONUMENTS
Kintyre contained only one religious house, namels the Cistercian monastery of Saddell (No.296). The founder was probably either Somerled or his son Reginald, lord of Kintyre, one or other of whom seems to have inroduced a colony of monks from Mellifont in Ireland at some time during the third quarter of the 12th century. The plan of teh church with its aisleless nave, follows the pattern adopted in the earliest English Cistercian houses, and subsequently
1 Cornish Archeology, vi (1967), 35 ff.
2 PRIA, xlvii (1941-2), Sectrion c, 51 f.
3 Ibid., liii (1950-1) Section c, 1 ff
4 Cf. PSAS, lxiii (1938-9), 215 and 224 f., where an earleir date is suggested for the brooch.
5 Ibid., lxxxviii (1954-6), 19 f.
6 Ibid., xcix (1966-7), 104ff
7 Ibid., xlvii (1912-13), 425 ff., fig. I Shetelig, H (ed.), Viking Antiquities in Great Britain and Ireland, part ii (1940), 29 f., fig. 12
8 Shetelig, H., op.cit., part vi (1954), 74 f. |
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employed at Shrule, Co. Longford, colonised from Mellifont in about 1150.(1). In Scotland a similar lay-out is found at one or two of the Cistercian houses such as Culross and also in the Valliscaulian monastery of Beauly. To judge from the surviving fragments of carved detail, the original buildings were executed in a style closely akin to that found in the second phase of Irish Romanesque, and it is not unlikely that one or more of the Saddell carvers was of Irish origin.
The parochial churches and chapels of the Middle Ages are for the most part simple oblong buildings of unicameral plan having a minimum of architectural elaboration. To judge from their original layouts, insofar as they can be reconstructed for purposes of analysis (Fig 7), the buildings fall into three main groups, of which the first comprises the parish churches of Gigha (no. 276), Kilchenzie (No. 280), Kilchousland (No. 281) and Killean (No. 287). These vary in size from about 10 m to 13 m in length and from 4.5 m to 5 m in width internally, most of the surviving windows being small deeply-splayed openings having round or pointed heads, frequently rebated externally. The last three members of the group can be ascribed to the 12th century, while St Cathan's, Gigha, together with the larger but otherwise similar parish church of Kilkivan (No. 286), probably belongs to the 13th century. These buildings show little affinity with the contemporary parish-churches of Eastern Scotland, where the oblong unicameral plan is rarely found before the 13th century and then usually in a more elongated form. Both Killiean nad Kilchenzie, however, were lengthened during the course of the 13th century, the former by the addition of a richly decorated chancel executed in a a style similar to that employed at Dunstaffnage College, Lorn. |
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No. 85 CUP-AND-RING MARKINGS No.89
open moorland at a height of 150 m O.D. and is
aligned NE. and SW. The slabs forming the NW. side
and the NE. end are still in position and measure
respectively 1.5 m and 1.2 m in length. The SE.
side-slab has been displaced and now leans outwards; it
measures 1.4 m in length, and at its SW. end the top of a
fourth stone, 0.3 m long, is just visible above ground.
All the slabs are from 0.20 m to 0.25 m thick. The SW.
end of the cist is open, but a few stones, which lie
embedded in the turf at this point, may be broken
fragments of the missing end-slab, and suggest that the
cist was originally about 1.2 m long internally, while
the surviving NE. end-slab indicates a breadth of about
one metre. The interior is at least 1.1 m deep and at the
present time is waterlogged and largely choked with
moss and rushes. There is no trace of any surrounding
cairn-material. About 23 m to the SW. two isolated
earthfast slabs, situated some 6 m apart and measuring
respectively 1.1 m and 0.6 m in length, rise to a
maximum height of 0.8 m above ground, but it seems
unlikely that these are in any way connected with the cist.
690286 ccli (unnoted) May 1965
85. Burial, Tangytavil (Site). Human bones are said
to have been found during the 19th century about
135 m SE. of Tangytavil,1 but no further details are
known.
659291 ccli May 1963
86. Cist, Tarbert, Gigha (Site). During ploughing in
April, 1960 a cist was discovered about 90 m S. of
Tarbert farmhouse.2 Built of stone slabs, with the longer
axis aligned NE. and SW., it measured 0.9 m by 0.6 m
internally and was 0.48 m deep; it was surrounded by
what appeared to be the remains of a cairn. There were
no relics.
652516 ccxxiii (unnoted) May 1963
87. Burial, Tayinloan (Site). It is recorded3 that
human bones were discovered in a mound which stand
on the right bank of the Tayinloan Burn, 65 m NE. of
the bridge that carries the main road at Tayinloan.
Although the sides appear to have been trimmed at a
later date, the mound is a natural formation composed of
sand and gravel.
698459 ccxxxv ("Tumulus") May 1962
88. Cists, Trench Point, Campbeltown (Sites). Two
cists were discovered on Trench Point during the late
19th century, but no remains are now visible.
(1) In 1878 4 a short cist was found, containing a
crouched inhumation burial and "an earthenware
bowl". The dimensions of the cist are not recorded and
the pottery and bones are now lost.
(2) In 1897 5 another short cist containing a crouched
inhumation burial and a small worked flint flake was
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No.308
CASTLES, TOWER-HOUSES
AND FORTIFICATIONS
308. Airds Castle, Carradale. This castle (pl.53B) occu-
pies the summit of a rock outcrop overlooking the W.
shore of Kilbrannan Sound, about 400m S. of Carradale
Harbour. The structure is very ruinous, the only surviv-
ing remains comprising the scanty fragments of a stone
curtain-wall. This wall appears originally to have enclosed
the entire summit, which is of irregular pentagonal plan
and measures 67m from N. to S. by 24 m transversely
over all (Fig. 161) The ground falls away steeply from
the summit on all sides except the NW., where there is a
broad flat-bottomed ditch which may in part be of arti-
ficial origin. The principal entrance to the castle was
probably situated towards the centre of the W. side and
reached by means of a track ascending the western slopes
of the outcrop, but an apparent gap (A on Fig.161) in the
opposite sector of the curtain wall may mark the site of a
postern-gateway.
The curtain wall itself (P.1 53A) is constructed for the
most part of local flagstone-rubble laid in mud mortar,
but close to the site of the supposed postern-doorway
traces of lime mortar can be seen. The wall has a thick-
ness of about 1.5m and now rises to a maximum height
of 3.4m. There are no visible traces of any internal
buildings, but a small circular reed-grown depression (B)
may represent the site of a well.
It is not known when this castle was erected, but all the
existing remains appear to be of a medieval date. The site
seems to have come into the possession of the Crown at
the end of the 15th century following the forfeiture of
John, Lord of the Isles. In 1498 James IV granted the
"fortalicium de Ardcardane", together with other
property in the same area, to an Ayrshire landholder, Sir
Adam Reid of Stairquhite and Barskimming. 1 In the
middle of the 16th century the same lands formed part of
the barony of Bar, in North Kintyre, then held by the
MacDonalds of Dunnyveg, while in 1605 they were again
in the possession of the Reids of Barskimming. 2
820383 ccxlii Aug 1965
309. Dunaverty Castle. The scanty remains of this
castle (Pl. 53C) occupy a conspicuous headland of con-
glomerate rock which projects into the sound of Sanda
between Dunaverty Bay and Brunerican Bay. The head-
land forms a natural stronghold, being sea-girt on three
sides and approachable only from the N., where a narrow
path links it to the mainland.
The principal means of defence appears to have been a
wall of enclosure whoses course was dictated by the con-
figuration of the site, but it is possible that those sections
No.309
of the perimeter that appeared naturally impregnable
were left undefended. Thus, few traces of masonry can be
seen on the E. and S. sides of the headland, where there
is a precipitous drop to the sea, but close to the SW. tip
of the promontory there is a short section of wall evidently
designed to seal off a possible line of ascent in this quarter.
Further fragments of curtain wall may be seen along the
NW. perimeter, enclosing a fairly level platform which
lies below the summit on this side of the headland.
Towards the SE. side of this platform a small circular
rock-cut depression (A on Fig.162) may represent the
site of a well. All the surviving fragments of curtain wall
are of roughly-coursed rubble masonry laid in a line of
mortar (Pl. 53D); the best preserved section appears to
have had a thickness of at least 1.5m and a height of
more than 3.4m.
The summit itself, although comparatively level, is
quite small in area. Access was evidently gained to it
from the NW. platform by means of a narrow, roughly-
formed, rock-cut staircase (B) which terminated in a
small chamber (C) occupying the E. extremity of the
summit. This chamber was formed partly by quarrying,
its E. and S. walls having been founded upon a rock
substructure which is still preserved. There are no other
identifiable remains of buildings upon the summit, except
along the NW. side, where there are fragmentary traces
of a wall enclosure. It is possible, however, that a sub-
rectangular depression (D) in the centre of the SW.
portion of the summit, measuring about 6.1m by 4.0m
over all, represents the site of a former building.
There is insufficient evidence to determine the precise
age of the remains described above, but they may
tentatively be ascribed to the medieval period,
The fortress first comes on record at the beginning of
the 8th century, when it formed a principal stronghold
of the race of Gabran, grandson of Fergus of Dalriada.
Dunaverty was seized by Scottish rebels with English help,
and recovered by the Crown, in the 1240's, and was
garrisoned by Alexander III on the occasion of King
Hakon's expedition to the Isles in 1263. The castle played
some part in the Wars of Independence, and during the late
14th century, and for the greater part of the 15th century,
was held by the MacDonalds of Islay and Kintyre on
behalf of the Lord of the Isles. Upon the forfeiture of
John, Lord of the Isles, Dunaverty passed to the Crown,
but in the summer of 1494 it was temporarily re-possessed
by Sir John MacDonald of Dunnyveg, who is said to
have hanged its royal governor over the walls in the sight
of James IV himself.
The castle was repaired by the Crown in 1539-42 and
subsequently suffered damage during the Earl of Sussex's
raid upon Kintyre in 1558. The most important event in
the history of Dunaverty was General Leslie's siege and
subsequent massacre of a rotyalist garrison under the
command of Archibald MacDonald of Sanda in 1647.
__________________________________________
1 RMS, ii (1424-1513), nos. 2454 and 2500; McKerral,
Kintyre, 7.
2 Origines Parochiales, ii, part I, 25. |
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Foot of centre page is No. 157
Foot of right hand side page
1 RMS, ii (1424-1513), nos. 2454 and 2500; McKerral,
Kintyre, 7.
2 Origines Parochiales, ii, part I, 25. |
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Fig161 Airds Castle, Carradale (No 308); plan
diagram/drawing of castle |
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Page No is 159
foot of right hand side text -
1 This historical account follows that given in McKerrel,
Kintyre, 3 ff.,57 ff.
2 Turner, Sir J., Memoirs of his own Life and Times
MDCXXXII-MDCLXX, Bannatyne Club (1829), 45.
3 Stat, Acct., iii(1792), 365. |
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CASTLES, TOWER-HOUSES AND FORTIFICATIONS
A drawing/diagram titled Fig. 162 Dunaverty Castle (No309) plan is at top
of page above the text on lefthand and right hand pages.
Left hand page
The castle was probably dismantled at the time of the
Earl of Argyll's rebellion of 1685. 1
An eye-witness account of the siege of 1647 describes
the castle simply as "a house on the top of a hill . . .
environd with a stone wall", 2 but the author of the
Statistical Account, writing shortly before 1792, mentions
the existence, or former existence, of a drawbridge (pre-
sumably spanning the gulf that separates the promontory
from the mainland) "after which two or three walls, one
within the other, fortified the ascent". 3
688074 cclxv & cclxvia June 1967
310. Castle, Island Muller. Island Muller is a small
rock-promontory situated on the N. side of Kilchousland
Bay about 4km NE. of Campbeltown and some 550m
SE of Lower Smerby farmhouse. Upon the summit of
the promontory, which is approached by means of a
grass-grown causeway about 90m in length, there stand
the fragmentary remains of a small tower-house of medi-
eval date (Fig.163). The tower, now reduced to its
lowermost courses, appears to be constructed of local
random-rubble masonry laid in lime mortar. It is oblong
on plan and measures 13.3m from E. to W. by 12.0m
transversely; the side walls have a thickness of about
2.8m and the end walls a thickness of 2.6m. An external
return in the masonry of the W. wall may mark the site of
an entrance doorway, while a small relieving-arch near
the centre of the S. wall (A on Fig.163) probably indicates
the position af a latrine-chute outlet. The low turf-grown
Right-hand page
mound that partly encloses the tower may represent the
remains of a rampart-wall of contemporary, or of earlier,
date.
It is uncertain whether the causeway is of natural or of
artificial origin; it appears to lie above the level reached
by the highest tides. At the inner end of the causeway
there is a small rectangular platform (X) enclosed on its
three landward sides by the remains of a wall of stone or
turf; this may have served to shelter small boats hauled
up from the shallow little bay situated on the N. side of
the promontory. The approach track passed the inner end
of this platform and skirts the W. base of the rock outcrop
before turning eastwards to ascend its southern slopes.
Immediately before the point at which it begins to ascend,
the track passes through what seem to be the remains of
a small sub-rectangular building or enclosure (Y) measure-
ing about 10.7m from W. to E. by 7.6m transversely
over all.
Almost nothing is known of the history of this castle,
but the simple rectangular plan and massive construction
of the tower suggest that it was erected at a comparatively
early date within the medieval period. During the 16th
century the lands of Ballimenach and Smerby appear to
have been held by the MacDonald family, and it is on
record that Sir James MacDonald, son of Angus
_____________________________________________
1 This historical account follows that given in McKerrel,
Kintyre, 3 ff.,57 ff.
2 Turner, Sir J., Memoirs of his own Life and Times
MDCXXXII-MDCLXX, Bannatyne Club (1829), 45.
3 Stat, Acct., iii(1792), 365. |
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CASTLES, TOWER-HOUSES AND FORTIFICATIONS
Fig.163. Castle, Island Muller (No 310); plan
diagram/drawing of castle layout
left hand text
MacDonald of Dunnyveg, imprisoned his father at
Smerby in 1597. 1
756224 cclviii ("Fort) August 1965
311, Kilkerran Castle. The scanty remains of this castle
stand in a cottage garden opposite Kilkerran Churchyard
and close to the shores of Campbeltown Loch . The ruins
are incorporated in later out-buildings and garden-walls
pertaining to the cottage, and their identification is made
more difficult by the thick growth of ivy that now covers
them. The principal surviving fragment of the castle
comprises a section of rubble-built wall some 6m in
length and 6m in height, which runs roughly N. and S.
From the N. end of this wall a second section returns
westwards for a distance of 1.2m before giving way to a
later wall running upon a similar alignment. The thick-
ness of the castle walls could not be measured accurately
at thr date of visit, but does not appear to exceed 0.9m.
right hand page text
This castle seems to have been erected by James IV in,
or shortly before, 1498, and is referred to as "novum
castrum de Kilkerane" in a royal charter of that year. 2
The castle was again garrisoned by the Crown during
James V's expedition to the west in 1536, 3 and was
probably still habitable in the second decade of the 17th
century. 4
729194 cclvii July 1961
312. Old Largie Castle (Site). When the officers of the
Ordanace Survey visited this site about the year 1868
they reported that "only a small portion of the side wall"
_____________________________________________
1 Origines Parochiales, ii, part I, 20; Pitcairn, Trials, iii, 6 f.;
Highland Papers, iii, 73, 80; MacDonald, Clan Donald, ii,
564.
2 RMS, ii(1424-1513), no.2424.
3 Stat,Acct., x (1794), 531 f.
4 Geog.Coll., ii, 187. |
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CASTLES,TOWER-HOUSES AND FORTIFICATIONS
LEFT HAND PAGE TEXT
of the castle survived, 1 and that the remainder of the
area was occupied by the farmsteading of High Rhuna-
haorine. This farmsteading, apparently a structure of
late 18th- or early 19th- century date, has since become
completely ruinous and its fragmentary remains now
incorporate no recognisable portions of an early castle.
The MacDonalds of Largie, descendants of the
MacDonald Lords of the Isles, have been in possession
of estates in Kintyre since about the middle of the 15th
century. 2 The site now under discussion was presumably
an early seat of the family in this locality, but since at
least as early as the end of the 18th century the principal
family residence has been situated at Tayinloan.3 Old
Largie Castle is said to have been "merely a fortified
house, strong but plain in character, and of small size".4
708483 ccxxxv August 1965
313. Saddell Castle. The castle (Pls.54,55B) stands on
the western shore of Kilbrannan Sound about 13km N.
of Campbeltown and rather less than 800m SE. of the
ruins of the Cistercian abbey of the same name (No 296).
The remains comprise a well-preserved tower-house of
early 16-century date standing within an extensive
complex of later out-buildings which incorporate por-
tions of an original barmkin-wall. A number of repairs
were made to the tower during the course of the 17th
and 18th centuries, and a further scheme of restoration
was undertaken during the last decade of the 19th cent-
ury, when the building was consolidated and re-roofed
and the interior remodelled. The tower was again re-
roofed shortly before the Second World War.5 The
existing out-buildings are mainly of late 18th- and 19th-
century date, their erection having in all probability
coincided with the removal of the greater part of the
original barmkin and of any early buildings that it may
right hand text
have contained. Both tower-houses and out-buildings are
now derelict and are rapidly becoming ruinous.
ARCHITECTURAL DESCRIPTION
The tower is oblong on plan and measures about
14.5m from N. to S. by 8.5m transversely over walls
having a thickness of 1.65m at ground-floor level. It
incorporates four main storeys and a garret, the walls
rising to a height of 14.3m at parapet level. The masonry
is of a harled random rubble, the original sandstone dress-
ings being for the most part either pink or yellowish
brown in colour. The mid-17th century alterations were
carried out largely with the use of a dark red sandstone
similar in character to that seen in some portions of the
out-buildings, and probab;ly emanating from the Isle of
Arran or from Ayrshire.6 Nearly all the original openings,
both inside and out, have plain chamfered arrises. A
number of windows were inserted and others enlarged
during the 17th-century alterations, and these modifica-
tions are shown in detail on the plans (Figs.164, 165).
Some of the windows show traces of glazing-grooves,
and many of the larger ones have been barred.
Externally the most interesting feature of the tower is
the parapet (Pl.55c). This projects upon a single course of
individual stone corbels, beneath which a second and
similar corbel-course is set chequer-wise. The lower
group of corbels is not load-bearing and may have been
______________________________________________
1 Name Book, No13,p.8.
2 Burke's Landed Gentry (1952 ed.), 1616
3 Cf. G. Langlands' draft map of about 1793 (B.M., Add.
MS 33632A.)
4 Bede, Glencreggan, ii, 229.
5 Kintyre Collections, MS 370, "The Story of Saddell,
Kintyre", by the Rev. J. Webb, p.12.
6 Information from Mr. G. H. Collins, Institute of Geo-
logical Sciences |
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Fig. 164 Saddell Castle (No 313); general plan
bottom centre of page if page No - 161 |
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Fig.165. Saddell Castle (No.313); floor plans of tower-house |
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The whole page consists of 6 drawing/diagrams showing layout of
first floor, Garret floor
ground floor (entresol), third floor
basement, second floor
Fig 165 Saddell Castle, (no313); floor plans of tower-house
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CASTLES, TOWER-HOUSES AND FORTIFICATIONS
No 313
designed solely for decorative effect. The parapet is
crenelated and is carried round each angle of the tower
as an open turret or round, while a fifth round projects
midway along the W. side of the building; the walk is
drained by stone spouts placed at frequent intervals along
its length. The rounds are carried upon corbel-courses
of three members, and each incorporates a triple slot-
machicolation. The parapet is continuous, except at a
point on the W. side of the tower where it is interrupted
by the cap-house of the main stair, and while there is
some evidence to suggest that this cap-house was partially
reconstructed in the 17th century there is none to cor-
roborate MacGibbon and Ross's suggestion 1 that "origin-
ally a corbelled defence.....was continued across in front
of the capehouse, but this seems to have been altered in
the seventeenth century". Had such a feature, in fact,
been designed to extend across the front of the cap-house
an original stair-window (now superseded by a 17th-
century one) would not have been placed at this level.
Within the parapet there rise the crow-stepped gables of
the tower roof, the N. gable carrying a particularly
massive chimney-stack.
The present internal arrangement of the tower is
attributable almost entirely to the late 19th-century
restoration already mentioned, but the salient features of
the original plan are still apparent. In addition,
MacGibbon and Ross's drawings 2 of about 1889 show a
number of features that are not visible today, and this
information has been incorporated in the present survey.
The entrance doorway of the tower is placed at ground-
floor level towards the N. end of the W. wall. The
surround is wrought with multiple cable-moulding and
the lintel incorporates a cable-bordered stone panel
bearing the incised date 1508. Above the lintel a second
cable-bordered panel contains a representation of a
double-headed eagle displayed, surmounted by a galley
sails furled - perhaps a reference to the traditional associa-
tion of the castle with the MacDonald family.3 All these
features, with the possible exception of the heraldic panel,
appear to be of late 19th-century date, the lintel and
rybats of the original entrance-doorway having evidently
been renewed or re-dressed at that time. The doorway
opens on to the foot of the main turnpike-stair and termin-
ates in the cap-house already mentioned. There is some
variation of the treads in the ascent, those of the two
lower flights running in to bisect the newel and those of
the two upper flights running tangentially to the newel.
The stair was originally lit by a series of slit-windows in
the W. wall, but these were blocked up when larger
openings were made alongside them during the 17th-
century alterations.
Immediately within the entrance doorway a hatch in
the floor provides the only means of access to a small
unlit pit-prison, a rectangular chamber measuring
about 3m in length by 1.5m in width. This is one of
the few features on the groun d floor to have escaped
substantial alteration during the late 19th-century
restoration, although the original subdivision of this
storey into two main barrel-vaulted apartments is also
11
Right hand side text
preserved. The vault of the northern chamber springs
from N. to S., and that of the southern from E. to W.
In the original arrangement both apartments incorpor-
ated entresol floors, the northern one being entered by
means of a doorway from the stair-lobby. The upper
floor of the N. apartment was lit by means of a slit-
window in the E. wall, and to the S. of the window
embrasure there was a mural garderobe, one of a
vertical series in this position, of which a common
discharge-shaft pierced the external E wall of the tower
at a point now indicated only by a shallow projecting
sill some 0.6m above ground level. In the NW. corner
of the apartment a mural service-stair rose to the first
floor, while a second stair, perhaps of timber, presumably
descended against the N. wall to give access to the base-
ment. This lower room appears to have been a well-
chamber, the well itself now surviving as a mural recess
in the E. wall; the shaft of the well has been partly filled
in, the water-level at the date of visit being about 0.3m
below the original floor level of the apartment. The
well-chamber was lit by a slit-window in the W. wall,
while a doorway in the S. wall seems to have provided
the only means of access to the adjacent basement -
apartment in the southern division of the tower. This
latter room, a cellar, was lit by slit-windows in the S.
and W. walls. The entresol floor above it was carried
upon plain stone corbels, most of which were re-
carved as human heads in late Victorian times. The
entresol was lit by a window in the S, wall, and access
from the stair-lobby was probably obtained by means of
a doorway occupying the position of the existing roll-
moulded doorway of the late 19th-century date.
Like the ground floor, the first floor originally
comprised two main divisions, the northern one being a
kitchen and the southern a hall. Each apartment had its
own doorway opening on to the turnpike stair, and
timber screen situated immediately to the N. of the hall
doorway probably served to divide that apartment from
the kitchen. The kitchen retains its original segmental
arched fireplace (pl.55D), though the existing voussoir
mouldings are of Victorian origin; in the E. jamb there is
a brick-lined oven. Nothing can now be seen of the
service-stair in the W. wall, and MacGibbon and Ross's
drawings 4 indicate that this was already sealed off at
first-floor level in 1889. There are some traces of what
may have been a mural chamber in the NW. corner of
the apartment. The hall itself retains no original features,
apart from its widely embrasured window openings;
an 18th-century fireplace-surround in the S. wall is
set within an original opening of very much larger
dimensions.
Originally the second floor also seems to have con-
tained two main apartments. The northern one retains
the massive corbelled lintel of its original fireplace in
the N. wall, the opening itself having been contracted
____________________________________________________
1 Cast. and Dom. Arch, iii, 198
2 Ibid., fig.132
3 M'Intosh, Kintyre, 33.
4 Cast. and Dom. Arch., iii, fig.132. |
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No 313 CASTLES TOWER-HOUSES AND FORTIFICATIONS
left hand text
by the insertion of a bead-moulded fireplace in the 18th
century, and the original corbels re-dressed as armorial
shields in late Victorian times. The nearby window in the
E, wall retains traces of a stone-window seat in its S,
embrasure, while its N. embrasure contains an original
doorway opening into a small mural chamber in the NE.
angle of the tower; a similar mural chamber may
formerly have existed in the NW. angle. Another door-
way in the E. wall gives access to a mural garderobe
containing a stone seat, now covered over, and a lamp-
recess. At least one other window embrasure on this
floor appears to have been equipped with a stone seat,
and this arrangement may originally have prevailed
throughout the principal floors of the tower. The southern
apartment at this level retains no features of interest
apart from an 18th-century fireplace in the E. wall which,
like the one in the hall, occupies an original opening of
much larger dimensions.
The arrangement of the third floor seems to have been
much the same as that of the second. The northern
apartment contains a mural chamber and a garderobe
corresponding to those below, while the fireplace, of
which no traces are now visible, may likewise have been
situated in the N. wall. The southern room retains some
18th-century panelling, and the bead-moulded fireplace
in the E. wall may be ascribed to the same period.
Immediately to the S. of this fireplace there may be seen
a portion of the plain chamfered surround of the original
fireplace-opening.
No early features are visible in the garret apart from a
small window-opening in the N. wall, and the original
arrangements at this level are uncertain. At the stair-
head doors open southwards and northwards on to the
parapet-walk. This was originally continuous round all
four sides of the tower, but the circuit is now interrupted
at the SE. angle by a flagpole-mounting. The parapet
itself is evidently an original feature although, like the
cap-house, it may have been partially renewed in the
middle of the 17th century.
BARMKIN AND OUTBUILDINGS. The relationship of the
surviving fragment of barmkin wall to the existing out-
buildings can most readily be grasped by reference to the
site plan (Fig.164). The barmkin wall is constructed of
large boulder-rubble masonry with pink sandstone
dressings and measures about 1.4m in thickness and
about 3.7m in height; it may originally have been
somewhat higher. The S. face of the wall shows traces
of a segmental-headed postern-doorway having plain
chamfered arrises; there is provision for a draw-bar.
On the N. face of the wall, and immediately to the E. of
the blocked-up doorway, the upper portion of the wall
displays part of a splayed ingo, but the significance of
this feature is uncertain. The original extent of the
barmkin is not known, but the enclosure wall is likely
to have run south-eastwards from the SE. angle of the
tower, thence returning progressively westwards, north-
wards, eastwards and again southwards, to join the N.
wall of the tower close to the NE. angle at a point where
tusks of masonry may be seen protruding from the wall-
right hand text
face. The tower would thus have been enclosed upon all
but its eastern, or seaward, side.
The only portions of the later out-buildings that call
for special mention are the courtyard gateway on the N.
side, and the adjacent NW. range, both of which (though
not strictly contemporary in date) can be ascribed to
the latter part of the 18th century. The gateway is
segmental-headed, its moulded arch-head springing
from rectangular impost-blocks supported by plain
offset jambs (Pl.55A). Some of the stones bear large
crudely-incised masons' marks.1 The crenelated parapet
that surmounts the gateway is of late 19th-century date,
as are also an associated belfry and two carved stone
panels.
The NW. range is of interest by virtue of the fact that
its masonry incorporates a large number of carved
stones deriving from the nearby ruins of Saddell Abbey
(No.296).2 These fragments are composed of yellowish
and pink sandstone similar in character to the dressed
stonework of the original portions of the tower-house.
The majority of them appear to be architectural details,
such as a doorway and window mouldings, but what seems
to be a recumbent tombstone, with a roll-moulded
margin, occurs in secondary use a window-sill on the
E. side of the range.
LADY MARY'S WELL. This is the name given to a
small spring which issues from beneath a massive rock-
boulder about 400m S. of Saddell Castle and some
45m above the tidal high-water level.
HISTORICAL NOTE
In January 1508 the lands of Sadddell Abbey (No.296)
were annexed to the bishopric of Argyll and erected into
the free barony of Saddell, with power to the bishop to
build castles for its defence.3 David Hamilton, Bishop
of Argyll, must have begun the construction of the
present castle shortly afterwards, for the building appears
to have been completed before February 1512.4 In 1556,
when the bishopric was again held by a member of the
Hamilton family, the lands of Saddell and the keeping
of the castle were granted to James MacDonald of
Dunnyveg, subject to certain rights of the bishop,
James Hamilton, and his natural half-brother the Earl
of Arran.5 Two years later the castle, described in a
contemporary document as "a fayre pyle and a stronge"
was burned by the Earl of Sussex during his raid on
Kintyre, but the extent of damage caused on this
occasion is not known.6 After the forfeiture of the
MacDonalds of Dunnyveg at the end of the 16th centuary,
Saddell, in common with other lands in the lordship of
Kintyre, passed to the Earls of Argyll. In 1650 the 1st
_________________________________________
1 White, Kintyre, pl. xxxviii.
2 A number of these stones were removed to Campbeltown
Museum in 1966.
3 RMS, ii(1424-1513), no.3170.
4 RSS, I (1488-1529), no.2369.
5 PSAS, lxxxvi(1951-2), 119.
6 Hamilton, H.C., Calendar of the State Papers relating to
Ireland, I (1509-1573), 149. |
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CASTLES, TOWER-HOUSES AND FORTIFICATIONS
No.314
Marquis of Argyll, in furtherance of his policy of
encouraging Lowland Covenanting lairds to settle in
Kintyre, leased Saddell to William Ralston of that Ilk
(cf.p.149). The castle was evidently in a decayed
condition at this time, for Ralston undertook to carry out
certain repairs, including the provision of a new roof
and floors and the reparation of breaches in the masonry.
Most of the existing 17th-century features in the building
described above are likely to date from this period.1
The property passed to another branch of the Campbell
family towards the end of the 17th century and it was
one of the Campbell lairds of Glensaddell who laid out
the existing court of offices round the tower-house in
about 1770, making use of building materials from the
nearby ruins of the abbey for this purpose - an action
greatly resented by the local inhabitants.2 At about the
same time the adjacent mansion-house of Saddell
(no.333) was erected as a principal residence, the castle
itself thereafter being utilised to house estate workers and
servants.3 The late 19th-century restoration of the castle
was carried out by the then proprietor, Colonel Macleod
Campbell.4
789315 ccxlv11 May 1964
314. Skipness Castle. The castle (Pls,56,57) stands
upon gently sloping ground some 210m inland from
the shore of Skipness Bay and at an altitude of 12m
above sea-level. Although the site itself has no natural
defensive advantages, the position is one of considerable
strategic importance with regard to sea-borne traffic,
standing as it does at the confluence of Kilbrannan
Sound, Loch Fyne and the Sound of Bute. Observation
upon the landward side is comparatively restricted, but
seawards the castle commands an extensive prospect of
the Kintyre and Arran coasts, and of that portion of the sea
lying between the islands of Bute and Arran.
The existing buildings of the castle bear witness to a
long and complex history of architectural development,
and before commencing a detailed analysis of the re-
mains it will be convenient to summarize the main con-
clusions reached during the course of the present survey.
On the evidence now available the architectural history
of the site began sometime during the first half of the
13th century with the erection of a hall-house and an
adjacent chapel. Both buildings were constructed upon
an approximately E.-W. axis, the hall-house occupying
what is now the NW. corner of the castle courtyard, and
the chapel standing some 18m to the S. Other buildings
of stone or timber may have been erected about the
same period, and the site as a whole may have been
enclosed by a rampart of earth and timber.
About the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries the
castle was enlarged and strengthened by the erection of a
high curtain-wall of stone and lime, within which the
earlier hall-house and chapel were partially incorporated.
In the case of the chapel the building was remodelled and
secularised, its place being taken by a new church
(No.277) erected just under 400m SE. of the castle.
The late 13th or early 14th-century wall of enceinte
right-hand side text
enclosed an oblong courtyard having a small projecting
rectangular tower at the NE. angle, a larger one at the
SE. angle, and another of intermediate size in the N.
section of the W. wall; entrance was gained by means of
a portcullis-gateway in the W. section of the S. wall.
Within the courtyard, ranges of buildings stood against
the S. wall and against the N. section of the E. wall,
while the W. side of the courtyard was probably occupied
by a timber gallery serving a series of loopholed em-
brasures at first-floor level. The arrangement of the
upper levels is uncertain, but there is evidence to suggest
that some sections of the curtain wall were provided with
an embattled parapet-walk and that others incorporated
embrasured openings.
At some time during the later Middle Ages, perhaps
towards the beginning of the 16th century, the northern-
most portion of the E. range of courtyard buildings was
raised in height by the addition of three upper storeys,
while the upper portion of the adjacent section of the E.
curtain-wall was rebuilt and provided with an em-
battled parapet-walk. These alterations must have given
the northernmost portion of the E. range something of
the character of a tower-house, and the transformation
was completed later on in the 16th century by the
reconstruction of the upper portion of the tower to form
the existing parapet-walk and open rounds, and the
removal of the remaining portion of the E. courtyard-
range to leave the tower free-standing on its S. side
(Pl.64).
The castle was abandoned as a private dwelling-
house about the end of the 17th century.5 Late in the
following century it was converted into a farmsteading
by the removal of the early courtyard-buildings, with
the execption of the tower-hoiuse, and the erection of
lean-to sheds and offices against both sides of the
curtain wall.6 These farm buildings were removed by
R.C. Graham of Skipness in 1898 and steps were taken
to preserve all that remained of the castle.7
Measured drawings of the castle8 were made by
Professor Middleton in 1887, and these were utilised by
MacGibbon and Ross in the preparation of their pub-
lished account.9 In 1922 a fresh survey was carried out
by A. Graham and R.G. Collingwood, who put forward
a number of important new suggestions,10 the main
substance of which has been confirmed during the
preparation of the following report.
ARCHITECTURAL DESCRIPTION
THE HALL-HOUSE. This building occupies the NW.
corner of the present courtyard (Figs.166,167). It is
__________________________________________
1 McKerral, Kintyre,81.
2 Dobie, "Perambulations",p.109;NSA,vii(Argyll),446.
3 Dobie, "Perambulations",p.119.
4 Cast. and Dom.Arch., iii.197.
5 PSAS, lvii(1922-3),285.
6 Stat.Acct.,xii(1794),485.
7 PSAS,lvii(1922-3),266
8 Now preserv ed in the Library of the Society of Anti-
quaries of London.
9 Cast. and Dom.Arch.,iii,63ff.
10 PSAS, lvii (1922-3),266ff. |
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Fig166 Skipness Castle (No314); ground floor plan
diagram of castle layout |
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Fig.167 Skipness Castle (No.314); first-floor plan
diagram |
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CASTLES, TOWER-HOUSES AND FORTIFICATIONS
No.314
oblong on plan measures 17.1m from E. to W. by
11.1m transversely over walls some 2.1m in thickness.
The S. wall has been almost entirely removed, and the
N. wall has been pierced to form a large round-arched
entrance-gateway, both these alterations presumably
having been carried out during the conversion of the
castle into a court of offices at the end of the 18th
century. Elsewhere the walls are generally preserved to a
height of two storeys, b ut in places they show traces of
an additional storey, and reach a maximum elevation of
about 8.2m. All the evidence goes to suggest that the
hall-house did, in fact, comprise three storeys, of which
the lowermost was a cellar while the two upper were
residential in character; the building was unvaulted,
the timber floors having been supported upon mural
scarcements.
The masonry is of local mica-schist rubble, roughly
coursed and bonded with an abundance of small pin-
nings, and the dressings are of red sandstone, The same
materials were used throughout the greater part of the
castle, the rubble probably having been quarried from
the exposed rock-outcrops that can be seen about 400m
to the SE. of the site, and the sandstone dressings from
quarries on the Isle of Arran.1
A heavy splayed plinth some 1.5m in height formerly
returned round all four walls of the building, the eastern
section now being visible within the adjacent basement-
apartment of the E. range. Although now wholly
incorporated within the fabric of the later castle of
enceinte, the hall-house appears originally to have been
free-standing and all four external corners can still be
identified, the NW. angle being wholly exposed, the SW.
angle being visible high up in the inner face of the N.
wall of the latrine-tower in the W. curtain, and the two
eastern angles being partially preserved at their junction
with the E. range. The existing walls contain no original
openings at ground-floor level, and access to the cellar
is likely to have been gained by means of a doorway in
the S. wall. A small depression at the E. end of the cellar
marks the site of a well, which is said to have been filled
up within fairly recent years.2b The well was presumably
constructed to serve the hall-house, but it evidently
remained in use after the castle was enlarged at the turn
of the 13th and 124th centuries; this appears to have
constituted the only internal source of water supply.
There is now no trace of the original means of access
to the two upper floors, but it may be conjectured that
the first, or principal, floor was approached by means of a
forestair leading up to a doorway situated towards one
end of the S.wall. This floor appears to have comprised
a single large apartment, presumably a hall; it was lit by
a single window in each of the gable walls, by either one
or two windows in the N. wall, and by an unknown
number of windows in the S. wall, which may also have
contained a fireplace. All the surving windows appear
to have had round-headed inner arches of dressed
sandstone, splayed embrasures and sloping heads. The
E. gable-window (Pl.58c) was blocked up when the
late 13th 0r early 14th century courtyard buildings were
erected, but its upper portion was opened up again in
right hand side text
the late 18th century to give light or access to the first
floor of the tower-house during the latter's occupation
as part of the farmsteading of this date. The opening has
since been re-blocked, apart from its lower portion ,
which serves to ventilate a timber floor within the tower.
The original ingo is thus partly preserved, and shows a
stepped sill and a window opening having a daylight of
0.32m; the jambs and sill of the window are wrought
with a plain 0.04m chamfer.
In the opposite wall there may be seen traces of a
blocked-up window apparently similar in all respects to
the one just described, while towards the W. end of the
N. wall there are the remains of a larger and more
elaborate window such as might have lit the dais end of
the hall. This appears to have comprised a double
lancet having a monolithic head pierced by a small
central lozenge-shaped light, the whole set within a
segmental-headed outer arch wrought on jambs and
arch-head with an angle-roll between single fillets
(Fig.168,Pl.58A,B). There are indications that the
windows were provided with internal shutter-frames;
there are also traces of what appear to be glazing-
grooves, although these may not be original provisions.
The only other feature at this level is a garderobe at
the NW. angle, which is provided with a slit-window in
the W. wall and with a stone seat; there is presumably
a mural discharge-chute, but no trace of an outlet can
now be seen at the base of the wall. The garderobe itself
appears to be an original provision, but it has been some-
what altered, the entrance doorway having been en-
larged and a second windoe (now blocked up) inseted
in the N. wall.
Little can be said about the arrangements on the
second floor except that the apartment or apartments at
this level were lit in part by a window in the E. gable-
wall, of which some traces may still be seen (Pl.58C).
This window, like the one below it, was blocked up during
the late 13th or early 14th century enlargement of the
castle, but a stone seat can be seen outlined in each ingo.
The external opening (now visible within the adjacent
first-floor apartment to the E.) has a width of 0.28m,
and the jambs and sill are wrought with a plain 0.07m
chamfer; the form of the head is uncertain (Pl.58D).
The hall-house probably had a pitched roof, and the
width of the wall-head would have provided ample
space for a parapet-walk.
THE CASTLE OF ENCEINTE. The incorporation of the
free-standing hall-house and chapel within a sub-
stantial castle of enceinte was evidently conceived as a
single building-operation, but the work is likely to have
taken several years to complete. There is some evidence
to suggest that the first stage of the building programme
saw the completion of the N. and W. curtains with their
towers, and the extension of the E. curtain southwards
as far as the NE. corner of the chapel. The E. gable-
___________________________________________
1 Information from Mr. G. H. Collins, Institute of Geo-
logical Sciences.
2 Information from the late Mr. C.A.M. Oakes of Skipness. |
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CASTLES, TOWER-HOUSES AND FORTIFICATIONS
No. 314
wall of the chapel was temporarily retained, but the W.
gable-wall was removed to make way for the SW. angle
of the new curtain. Subsequently the S. curtain was
continued eastwards as far as the SE. corner of the
chapel, and the gatehouse was constructed. The original
S. wall of the chapel was in large part retained and
heightened, existing openings being blocked up of
altered, and a substantial outer casing-wall added to
bring the curtain up to a width corresponding to that of
the remaining sections (cf. Fig. 166). Lastly the E. gable-
wall of the chapel was removed, or partially removed,
and the SE. angle-tower erected. The courtyard build-
ings were probably completed about the same time, the
N. wall of the chapel perhaps being retained to form the
inner wall of the S. range.
The courtyard (Pl.59) measures about 33.5m
from N. to S. by 20.5m transversely within walls
ranging in thickness from 1.8m to 2.4m at ground-
floor level. The slight irregularity of outline reflects the
dispositions and alignments of the earlier hall-house
and chapel. The masonry is composed of the same
materials as the hall-house, but the rubble facework
shows certain differences of construction, while the
dressed sandstone rear-arches of the various openings
are characterized by the presence of small socket-holes,
designed to support temporary wooden centering, at
spring-level. These rear-arches are in miost cases
chamfered on both sides, while the window and doorway
openings have broadly-chamfered arrises. A broad
plinth returns round the base of the curtain wall, being
in some quarters single-spayed and in others double-
splayed. In most sectors the upper course, or courses, of
the plinth are of dressed sandstone, but the plinths of the
SE. tower and of the E. sector of the S. curtain are of
rubble. Along the E. curtain, different phases in the
construction of the lower part of the wall are indicated
by two more or less vertical lines of sandstone blocks
which mark changes in the rubble coursing.
There is no visible evidence of the former existence
of outworks, such as a ditch and bank, the earthen
revetment on the S. (and perhaps also that on the W.)
side of the castle being the result of landscaping oper-
ations carried out at the end of the 19th century.1
Excavations carried out in 1966 outside the N. section of
the W. curtain-wall revealed no evidence of outworks
in this sector.2
The West Curtain-Wall and North-West Latrine-
Tower. The W. curtain-wall runs southwards from
a rectangular latrine-tower which adjoins the SW.
angle of the hall-house. This tower is of three storeys,
each of which formerly contained a row of latrines
discharging into a common pit at the lowest level. Each
row of seats was provided with a separate chute, and the
partition walls between the chutes were carried upon arches
of dressed sandstone spanning the full width of the
tower at appropriate levels. All these fittings were removed
when the tower was adapted for use as a dovecot, an
alteration which probably took place at the end of the
18th century. Within the ground floor of the tower there
right hand text
may now be seen the stumps of the corbels that carried
the lowest row of seats, while immediately in front of
the corbels a mural slot indicates the former position of
a timber screen. In the rear portion of the tower there
are traces of the arches and partition walls of the two
upper chutes, while an outlet drain for liquid matter
pierces the W. wall at ground level. There is an aumbry
in the S. wall.
At ground-floor and first-floor levels the tower was
entered from the courtyard by means of narrow door-
ways with arch-pointed heads (Pl.60C). The doorway at
first-floor level was probably reached from a timber
gallery which ran along the inner face of the curtain wall
and communicated, at its N. end, with the first floor
apartment of the hall-house by means of an inserted
doorway of which some slight traces may still be seen.
To the S. of the tower doorway there is a small square-
headed window looking on to the courtyard. There are no
openings in the outer walls of the tower at ground-floor
level, but on the first floor crosslet-loopholes (Pl.60B) to
N. and S. command the adjacent sections of the main
castle-wall. The second floor of the tower is incomplete,
the masonry now rising to a maximum height of 10.8m
above ground level |
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ADDENDA
280. Old Parish Church, Kilchenzie. Captain White
illustrates another late medieval grave-slab, in addition
to those described on p. 122, which cannot now be
found. Tapered in shape, it bears a pair of shears and a
plain panel at the top, the rest of the decoration con-
sisting of two pairs of animals linked by their tails to a
network of foliaceous scrolls (White, Kintyre, pl. xxii, 2).
Loch Awe school, 14th - 15th century.
296. Sadden Abbey. Rubbings made in 1802 (Nat.
Lib. of Scot. Adv 30.5.26* a-c) show that the effigy of a
priest described under (4) on p. 144 formerly bore an
inscription in raised Lombardic capitals beginning
HIC IACET MAGIS(T)/ER. Iona school, 14th - 15th century.
The discovery of the monument described below was
reported too late for inclusion in the appropriate section
of the Inventory.
Saddell and Skipness Parish
379. Cup-markings, Leacann an t-Seasgaich. A
boulder situated on a ridge 1 km WSW. of the ruins of
Glenskible and at a height of about 230 m O.D. The
exposed surface of the stone, measuring about 2.0 m by
1.5 m and protruding only slightly above ground level,
bears at least six plain cups.
c. 880598 -- ccxiii (unnoted) -- September 1969
14 -- 211 |
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PLATES |
|
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| argyll-1971/01-275 |
[photographs inserted]
POTTERY (scale 1 : 2), BEACHARR (3);
A, B. from inner burial-compartment
C, D. from middle burial-compartment
PLATE 2 |
|
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| argyll-1971/01-276 |
[photographs inserted]
POTTERY (scale 1 : 2),
BEACHARR (3);
A, B. from outer burial-
compartment
PLATE 3 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-277 |
[photographs inserted]
A. BEAKER (scale 1 : 2), GLEBE STREET, CAMPBELTOWN (62,3)
B. FOOD VESSEL (scale 1 : 2), GLENRAMSKILL (69)
C. CINERARY URN (scale 1 : 4), DALARUAN (62,4)
PLATE 4 |
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| argyll-1971/01-278 |
[photograph inserted]
JET NECKLACE (scale 1 : 1), CAMPBELTOWN (p. 9)
PLATE 5 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-279 |
[photographs inserted]
BRONZE HOARD (scale 1 : 4), KILLEONAN;
A. found c. 1884 (p. 12)
B. found 1908 (p. 12)
PLATE 6 |
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| argyll-1971/01-280 |
[photographs inserted]
A. BRONZE DAGGER AND RIVET (scale 1 : 1),
CAMPBELTOWN GASWORKS (62,2)
B. BRONZE SPEARHEAD (scale 1 : 1),
AROS MOSS (p. 15)
C. BRONZE SPEARHEAD (scale 1 : 1),
D. BRONZE PENANNULAR BROOCHES (scale 1 : 1),
DÙN FHINN (203)
E, F. BRONZE FIBULA (scale 1 : 1),
KILDALLOIG (210)
PLATE 7 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-281 |
[photographs inserted]
CHAMBERED CAIRNS;
A. BLASTHILL (4), FROM w
B. GORT NA H-ULAIDHE, GLEN LUSSA (7), FROM E
PLATE 8 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-282 |
[photographs inserted]
CAIRNS;
A. CORRIECHREVIE (27), from S
B. MACHRIHANISH (43), from SE
PLATE 9 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-283 |
[photographs inserted]
A. STANDING STONES, BALLOCHROY (57), from E
B. CIST, BALLOCHROY (57), from NE
C. CIST, COUR (64)
PLATE 10 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-284 |
[photographs inserted]
STANDING STONES;
A. CALEGREGGAN (131), from S
B. BEACHARR (134), from SW
C. HIGHPARK (148), from W
D. BRUNERICAN (135), from W
E. CRAIGS (139), from SW
F. KNOCKSTAPPLE (149), from W
PLATE 11 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-285 |
[photographs inserted]
A. FORT, SRÒN UAMHA (176), from N
DUN, BORGADEL WATER (187); B. from N
C, D. details of walling
PLATE 12 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-286 |
[photographs inserted]
A. DUN, DUN FHINN (203),
from ENE
B. FORT, CARRADALE POINT (160);
detail of vitrification
PLATE 13 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-287 |
[photographs inserted]
DUN, KILDONAN BAY (220);
A. view from W
B, C. details of entrance
PLATE 14 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-288 |
[photographs inserted]
DUN, KILDONAN BAY (220);
A. mural gallery
B. twin staircases
C. mural cell
PLATE 15 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-289 |
[photograph inserted]
OGAM STONE, CNOC NA CARRAIGH, GIGHA (244)
PLATE 16 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-290 |
[photographs inserted]
A. PARISH CHURCH, A'CHLEIT (258), from E
B. PARISH CHURCH, BELLOCHANTUY (261), from E
PLATE 17 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-291 |
[photographs inserted]
PARISH CHURCH, A'CHLEIT (258);
A, B. interior
C. MacAlister monument
PLATE 18 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-292 |
[photographs inserted]
CASTLEHILL CHURCH,
CAMPBELTOWN (264);
A. interior
B. view from NE
PLATE 19 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-293 |
[photographs inserted]
GAELIC CHURCH, CAMPBELTOWN (266); A. interior B. view from E
PLATE 20 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-294 |
[photograph inserted]
CROSS,
CAMPBELTOWN
(265);
A. front view
B. back view
PLATE 21 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-295 |
[photographs inserted]
OLD LOWLAND CHURCH, CAMPBELTOWN (267);
A. view from SW
B. doorway and window in SW wall
C. carved stone from Old Gaelic Church
PLATE 22 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-296 |
[photographs inserted]
OLD LOWLAND CHURCH,
CAMPBELTOWN (267);
bell from Old Gaelic Church
PLATE 23 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-297 |
[photographs inserted]
CHAPEL, CARA (268);
A. view from NW
B. window in N wall
PARISH CHURCH, CLACHAN (270);
C. view from SW
D. cruciform stone
E. headstone
PLATE 24 |
|
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| argyll-1971/01-298 |
[photographs inserted]
A. PARISH CHURCH, CLAONAIG (274),
from SE
B. BURIAL-GROUND, CLADH NAM
PAITEAN (272); headstone
PLATE 25 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-299 |
[photographs inserted]
OLD PARISH CHURCH, GIGHA (276);
A. view from NW
B. window in E wall
C. interior of NE angle
D. window in N wall
PLATE 26 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-300 |
[photographs inserted]
KILBRANNAN CHAPEL, SKIPNESS (277);
A. general view from N.E.
B. view from SW
C. view from NW
PLATE 27 |
|
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| argyll-1971/01-301 |
[photographs inserted]
KILBRANNAN CHAPEL, SKIPNESS (277);
A. interior from W
B. interior from E
PLATE 28 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-302 |
[photographs inserted]
KILBRANNAN CHAPEL,
SKIPNESS (277);
A. S doorway
B. N doorway
C, D, E. lancet windows
F. base-plinth
G, H. lancet windows
PLATE 29 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-303 |
[photographs inserted]
KILBRANNAN CHAPEL, SKIPNESS (277);
A. E wall
B. E window
C. detail of E gable
PLATE 30 |
|
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| argyll-1971/01-304 |
[photographs inserted]
KILBRANNAN CHAPEL.,
SKIPNESS (277);
A, B. headstones
C. grave-slab
D. Campbell monument
E. mural monument
PLATE 31 |
|
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| argyll-1971/01-305 |
[photographs inserted]
OLD PARISH CHURCH,
KILCHENZIE (280);
A. interior of E wall
B. window in S wall
PLATE 32 |
|
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| argyll-1971/01-306 |
[photographs inserted]
OLD PARISH CHURCH, KILCHOUSLAND (281);
A. view from SW
B. detail of window in N wall
C. windows in S wall
PLATE 33 |
|
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| argyll-1971/01-307 |
[photographs inserted]
OLD PARISH CHURCH, KILCHOUSLAND (281); headstones
PLATE 34 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-308 |
[photographs inserted]
OLD PARISH CHURCH,
KILKERRAN (SITE) (285);
A. cross-decorated stone,
front view
B, C. cross-shaft
PLATE 35 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-309 |
[photographs inserted]
OLD PARISH CHURCH, KILKERRAN (SITE) (285); headstones
PLATE 36 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-310 |
[photographs inserted]
OLD PARISH CHURCH,
KILKERRAN (SITE) (285);
A. McEacharn monument
B. McDowall monument
C, D. headstones
E. recumbent slab
PLATE 37 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-311 |
[photographs inserted]
OLD PARISH CHURCH,
KILKIVAN (286);
A. view from NW
B. N doorway
PLATE 38 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-312 |
[photographs inserted]
OLD PARISH CHURCH,
KILKIVAN (286);
grave-slabs
PLATE 39 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-313 |
[photographs inserted]
OLD PARISH CHURCH
KILLEAN (287);
A. view from SE
B. window in N wall
C. window in S wall
PLATE 40 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-314 |
[photographs inserted]
OLD PARISH CHURCH,
KILLEAN (287);
A. exterior of E wall
B. low-side window
in S wall
C. window in
N aisle
PLATE 41 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-315 |
[photographs inserted]
OLD PARISH CHURCH,
KILLEAN (287);
A, B, C. details of E window
D. interior of E wall
E, F. cross-decorate stone
PLATE 42 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-316 |
[photographs inserted]
OLD PARISH CHURCH,
KILLEAN (287);
A, B. grave-slabs
C. effigy
PLATE 43 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-317 |
[photographs inserted]
OLD PARISH CHURCH,
KILLEAN (287);
A, B. details of headstones
C. headstone
D. BURIAL-GROUND, KILMICHAEL,
BALLOCHROY (293);
cross-decorated stone
PLATE 44 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-318 |
[photographs inserted]
SADDELL ABBEY (296);
A. view from E
B. crossing and N transept from W
PLATE 45 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-319 |
[photographs inserted]
SADDELL ABBEY (296);
A. refectory from NE
B. interior of N transept
C. carved stones in E wall of presbytery
PLATE 46 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-320 |
[photographs inserted]
SADDELL ABBEY (296);
A. Campbell monument
B. detail of Campbell monument
PLATE 47 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-321 |
[photographs inserted]
ST. CIARAN'S CAVE (298);
A. wall at cave mouth
B. trough in cave floor
C. cross-decorated stone
D. ST. COLUMBA'S CHURCH
SOUTHEND (300); "footprints"
PLATE 48 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-322 |
[photographs inserted]
ST. COLUMBA'S CHURCH, SOUTHEND (300);
A. general view from N
B. fragment of cross-head, front view
C. S doorway
PLATE 49 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-323 |
[photographs inserted]
ST. NINIAN'S CHAPEL, SANDA (301);
A. general view from NW
B. view from N
C. window is S wall
PLATE 50 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-324 |
[photographs inserted]
ST. NINIAN'S CHAPEL, SANDA (301);
A. interior from W
B. altar
C. cross-decorated stone, W face
D. cruciform stone, E face
PLATE 51 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-325 |
[photographs inserted]
PARISH CHURCH, SOUTHEND (303);
A. view from SW
B. interior
C. BURIAL-GROUND, TARBERT (304); headstone
PLATE 52 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-326 |
[photographs inserted]
AIRDS CASTLE, CARRADALE (308); A. curtain wall
B. general view from SW
DUNAVERTY CASTLE (309); C. general view from W
D. curtain wall
PLATE 53 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-327 |
[photographs inserted]
SADDELL CASTLE (313);
A. view from SE
B. tower-house from NE
C. general view from S
PLATE 54 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-328 |
[photographs inserted]
SADDELL CASTLE (313);
A. courtyard gateway
B. tower-house and courtyard gateway
from NW
C. detail of tower-house parapet
D. kitchen fireplace
PLATE 55 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-329 |
[photographs inserted]
SKIPNESS CASTLE (314); A. view from NE B. view from SW
PLATE 56 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-330 |
[photographs inserted]
SKIPNESS CASTLE (314); A. view from NW B. view from SE
PLATE 57 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-331 |
[photographs inserted]
SKIPNESS CASTLE (314);
A, B. window in N wall of hall-house
C. interior of E wall of hall-house
D. window in E wall of hall-house
PLATE 58 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-332 |
[photographs inserted]
SKIPNESS CASTLE (314); courtyard interior
A. view from SE
B. view from NW
PLATE 59 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-333 |
[photographs inserted]
SKIPNESS CASTLE (314);
A. details of W curtain and NW latrine-tower
B. loophole in S wall of NW latrine-tower
C. doorways to NW latrine-tower
D. loophole embrasure in W curtain
PLATE 60 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-334 |
[photographs inserted]
SKIPNESS CASTLE (314);
A. SE tower and E curtain from N
B. SE tower from N
C. water-inslet in S curtain
D. interior of SE tower from S
E. former chapel window in S curtain
PLATE 61 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-335 |
[photographs inserted]
SKIPNESS CASTLE (314);
A. gatehouse from S
B. gatehouse from N
C. interior of gatehouse
D. loophole in gatehouse
PLATE 62 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-336 |
[photographs inserted]
SKIPNESS CASTLE (314);
A. detail of N curtain
and NE latrine-tower
B. detail of N curtain
showing former
crenellation
PLATE 63 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-337 |
[photograph inserted]
SKIPNESS CASTLE (314); E range and tower-house
PLATE 64 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-338 |
[photographs inserted]
SKIPNESS CASTLE (314);
A. N window-embrasure in first-floor apartment of E range
B. mural passage in first-floor apartment of E range
C. doorway to N division of E range
D. postern-doorway in E curtain
PLATE 65 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-339 |
[photograph inserted]
SKIPNESS CASTLE (314); interiors of second - and third-floor apartments of E range from SW
PLATE 66 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-340 |
[photograph inserted]
TARBERT CASTLE (316); aerial view from W
PLATE 67 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-341 |
[photographs inserted]
TARBERT CASTLE (316);
A. tower-house from SE
B. drum-tower in NE curtain wall
PLATE 68 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-342 |
[photograph inserted]
TARBERT CASTLE (316); tower-house from SW
PLATE 69 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-343 |
[photographs inserted]
TARBERT CASTLE (316);
A. tower-house and forework from N
B. slit-window in NW wall of tower-house
PLATE 70 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-344 |
[photographs inserted]
TARBERT CASTLE (316);
A. forework from NW
B. interior of tower-house from SE
PLATE 71 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-345 |
[photograph inserted]
THE BURGH OF CAMPBELTOWN (318 - 324); view of Main Street on Fair Day by A. MacKinnon, 1886
PLATE 72 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-346 |
[plan inserted]
THE BURGH OF CAMPBELTOWN (318 - 324); PLAN OF c. 1760
PLATE 73 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-347 |
[photographs inserted]
A. THE BURGH OF CAMPBELTOWN (318 - 324);
view by F. Bott, 1867
B. 61 - 71 LONG ROW, CAMPBELTOWN (320)
C. 69 - 71 LONG ROW, CAMPBELTOWN (320)
D. BOLGAM STREET, CAMPBELTOWN (319); Old Courthouse
PLATE 74 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-348 |
[photographs inserted]
A. SPRINGFIELD HOUSE, CAMPBELTOWN (322)
B. 50 - 52 MAIN STREET AND
2 - 4 CROSS STREET, CAMPBELTOWN (321)
C. 58 - 62 MAIN STREET, CAMBELTOWN (321)
PLATE 75 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-349 |
[photographs inserted]
TOWN HOUSE, CAMPBELTOWN (323);
A. view from S
B. view by W. Dobie, c. 1833
C. 1 UNION STREET, CAMPBELTOWN (324)
PLATE 76 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-350 |
[photographs inserted]
BALLURE (325);
A. view from NW
B. ceiling cornice
C. drawing-room fireplace
D. drawing-room doorway
E. entrance and staircase
PLATE 77 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-351 |
[photographs inserted]
BARR HOUSE (326);
A. general view from W
B. view from NW
PLATE 78 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-352 |
[photographs inserted]
BARR HOUSE (326);
A. drawingroom chimney-piece
B. dining-room chimney-piece
C, D, E. plaster corbels in staircase-hall
PLATE 79 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-353 |
[photographs inserted]
A. DRUMORE, BELLOCHANTUY (329), FROM NW
B. DOVECOT, CARSKIEY (328), from SW
C. CARA HOUSE (327), from E
D. MANSE, GIGHA (330), from S
E. COTTAGE, TAYINLOAN (335), from W
PLATE 80 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-354 |
[plan & photograph inserted]
LIMECRAIGS HOUSE (332);
A. plan by A. Rowatt, 1757
B. view from N
PLATE 81 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-355 |
[photographs inserted]
SADDELL HOUSE (333);
A. view by G. Langlands, 1784
B. view from S
PLATE 82 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-356 |
[photographs inserted]
TIGH NA CHLADAICH,
MUASDALE (336);
A. view from W
B. staircase
C. stall-post in stable
D. interior of stable
PLATE 83 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-357 |
[photographs inserted]
TORRISDALE CASTLE (337);
A. view from W
B. early view from W
PLATE 84 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-358 |
[photographs inserted]
TORRISDALE
CASTLE (337);
A. view from NE
B. early view from SE
PLATE 85 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-359 |
[photographs inserted]
TORRISDALE CASTLE (337);
A. dining-room passage
B. dining-room doorway
C. dining-room chimney-piece
D. entrance-lodge
PLATE 86 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-360 |
[photographs inserted]
A. BALMAVICAR TOWNSHIP (339); horizontal water-mill
B. BALMAVICAR TOWNSHIP (339); general ciew from NE
C. CRUCK-FRAMED HOUSE, HIGH KILKIVAN (343); cruck-blade
D. GARVOINE TOWNSHIP, SKIPNESS (342); general view from NW
PLATE 87 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-361 |
[photographs inserted]
A. Early view of unidentified illicit still in Western Highlands (p. 28)
B, C. DISTILLERIES, CAMPBELTOWN (348); warehouse in Burnside Street
PLATE 88 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-362 |
[photographs inserted]
MULL OF KINTYRE
LIGHTHOUSE (349);
A. general view
from S
B. view from E
PLATE 89 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-363 |
[photographs inserted]
MULL OF KINTYRE LIGHTHOUSE (349);
A. view from SE
B. tower and lantern
PLATE 90 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-364 |
[plan & photograph inserted]
MULL OF KINTYRE LIGHTHOUSE (349);
A. plan of 1839
B. tower parapet
PLATE 91 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-365 |
[photographs inserted]
HORSE-GANG, SOUTH KILLELLAN FARM (351);
A. general view from S
B. gear-wheel and harness-bar
PLATE 92 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-366 |
[photographs inserted]
TANGY MILL (352);
A. general view from E
B. view from NE
PLATE 93 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-367 |
[photographs inserted]
TANGY MILL (352); interior of stones-floor
PLATE 94 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-368 |
[photographs inserted]
TANGY MILL (352);
A. grinding-stones
B. water-wheel
PLATE 95 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-369 |
[photographs inserted]
TANGY MILL (352);
A. interior of bin-floor
B. furnace-chamber
C. detail of sack-hoist
PLATE 96 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-370 |
[photographs inserted]
MACHRIMORE MILL (p. 28);
A. view from NE
B. gear-cupboard
PLATE 97 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-371 |
[photographs inserted]
A. KILLELLAN PARK FARM (p. 28);water-wheel and horse-gang
B. PORT AN DUIN MILL, GIGHA (p. 28), from N
PLATE 98 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-372 |
[photographs inserted]
A. OLD BRIDGE, MUASDALE (354), from W
B. OLD BRIDGES, PUTECHANTUY (355); general view from W
PLATE 99 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-373 |
[photographs inserted]
ARCHITECTURAL FRAGMENTS,
ACHAMORE HOUSE, GIGHA (357);
A. pine chimney-piece
B. stone fireplace
C. pine chimney-piece
D. stone fireplace
E. ARMORIAL PANEL, LOSSIT HOUSE (366)
PLATE 100 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-374 |
[photographs inserted]
A. CROSS-FINIAL,
KEIL HOUSE (364)
B. FONT, PARISH CHURCH,
GIGHA (361)
C. ARCHITECTURAL FRAGMENTS,
OATFIELD HOUSE (368)
PLATE 101 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-375 |
[photographs inserted]
QUERN QUARRIES, ACHAMORE, GIGHA (369);
A. general view
B. unfinished quern
C. MILLSTONE QUARRY, BRUCE'S STONE, UGADALE
(370
PLATE 102 |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-376 |
CONVERSION TABLES, METRIC TO BRITISH VALUES
I. Metres to Feet and Inches 1
[table inserted]
1 The form of this conversion table has been dictated by the fact that the text was originally
prepared using British units of measurement. The table shows the metric equivalents, correct
to two decimal places, of feet and inches by intervals of one inch up to 10 feet, then by intervals
of one foot up to 100 feet, and thereafter by intervals of 10 feet up to 1000 feet. |
|
|
| argyll-1971/01-377 |
[map inserted] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
