medieval-atlas/economic-development/263

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Scottish emigration to the Baltic The large-scale emigration of Scots to northern Europe began in the later Middle Ages. Some emigrants were students heading for the universities of Cologne and Louvain. From the sixteenth century a few also attended the new universities in the Baltic region. Other emigrants were established merchants who settled in the coastal ports. Latterly, some also made for the inland towns. From the later sixteenth century considerable numbers of Scots served in Polish, Russian, Scandinavian and German armies. Most eririgrants, however, were pedlars who sought a living selling cheap merchandise to the poorer sections of society. Complaints against such activities were common in the Danzig area from the later fifteenth century. As the numbers of Scottish pedlars multiplied in the later sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, attempts to restrict their activities also grew. Scots have been traced to over 400 localities in Poland alone. Eventually, however, the emigrants were assimilated into Baltic society. The reasons for Scottish emigration are complex but to many Scots the opportunities for economic advancement, particularly in the prevalent atmosphere of religious toleration in Poland, were greater than at home. ° li)sit(Sovetsk) Wladyslawow (Kudirkos) • Centres of emigration before 1500 ° Selected centres of emigration after 1500 o University towns Schwerin °Plau Stetlin (Szczecin) Frankfurt oPlozk (Plock) o oPosen (Posnan) Schwiebus. o wafsaw (Warszawa) Helmstedt (Swiebodzin) 0Zullichau 0Witlenberg (Sulechow) ° Kalisch (Kalisz) oSieradz• Leipzig oLubin .Meissen • Breslau B~zyce (Wroclaw) Hirsch~erg Sandomiro oZamosc (Jelenia Go'ra) (Sandomierz) Annaberg (Gora Sw. Anny) Cracow 11 Jaroslav Lemberg now Ii'il W° (Lovovl Wischwill =0 Przemyslo 0 (Viesvile Wieliczka ° ° Krossen o Jaslo Kroso Stalluponen (Nestergv) Putzig 0 (Jedrzejowo) Muhlhausen (Gvwdeyskoye)Lauen5'urgh o (Lebork) Stolp Domna~ Nordenburg Goldap (Stupsk) (Domnovo) . (KryJovo) (gotdap) Frauenburg ~chlppenbell (Frombork) Mehlsack p------' (SepopoJ) 0 ~ngerburg (Wegorzewo) Praust 0 (Pruscz Gdanski) Elbing ~(PlenieZnO) Bartenstein Barten Drengfurth Butowo Hohenstein 0 (~Iblag) WOrmdVtI (Bartoszyce) (Barciany) (Srokowo) (Bylow) Berent 0 (Pszczotki) Pr-hollan O(Orneta R t ob (Koscierzyna) o( k) 0 as en urg o Dirschau Paste Arnsdorf (lubomino) (Ketrzyn) Olelzko Schoneck (Tczew)Rummelsburg (Skarszewy) ) \Gutlstadt o Christ~urg (Dzierzgon) (Miastko) o Stuhm 0 Pr-mark Sensburg ( (Dsre Hiasto) LyckMewe (Etk)o (Stzum) (Przezmark) (Mragowo)(Gnicw) Riesenburg o 0 (Prabuty) o Marienwerder Neuenburg oKonitz (Nowe) (Kwidzyn) Johannisburg (Chojnice) o o (Pisz) Hohenstein Jastrow (Tuchela) Graudenz (Olsztynek) (Szczylno) (Jastrowic) (Grudziadz) Tuchel Ortelsburg o o Neumark (Nw. Miasto o Kuln Lubawskie) Neidenburg(Chelmno) o Deutsch-krone o o (Nidzica) (Walcz) Lobsens Strasburg (Lobzenica) (Brodnica) Schneidemuhl BrombOerg Thorn (Pi la) Exin (Bydgoszcz) q;orun)(Kwnia) Scottish emigration to the Baltic before and after 1500 DDi 263

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