medieval-atlas/events-from-about-850-to-1460/144

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The civil wars 1639 to 1651 ~ The route of English armies The route of Scottish armies ~~ Counties forming the Western Association [1) Crornwell leads the English army into Scotland, 22 July 1650. [2) English atternpts to capture Edinburgh are thwarted, and Cromwell retires to Dunbar, July to August 1650. [3) Scottish army defeated at Dunbar, after which all south-east Scotland is occupied by the English. Charles and the Kirk Party regime of the covenanters establish themselves in Perth and Stirling. [4) Western Association organises its own virtually autonomous army to resist the English. This godly army of the west disowns the cause of the king, claiming to fight for God alone. The Kirk Party resolves to use force if necessary to crush the Western Association, but before it acts the English advance and defeat the Westem army at Hamilton. The Association collapses and the south-west is occupied by the English. [5) The Start. Royalists in Fife and in the north plan to rise in arms and seize Perth, freeing Charles 11 from Kirk Party control. The plot fails, and by a treaty at Strathbogie on 4 November 1650 the royalists lay down arms. But the Kirk Party is now on the verge of collapse, and the royalists soon infiltrate and take over the regime. [6) English forces cross the Firth of Forth, rout the Scots at Inverkeithing, and then march north occupying Perth on 2 August 1651 , before moving on Stirling and (via Dundee) the north-east. By the end of 1651 all the Lowlands (with the exception of a few castles) are in English hands. [7) Charles and the Scottish army, outflanked and cut off from hoped for recruits and supplies from the north by the English advance, leave Stirling on 31 July 1651 . They undertake a desperate invasion of England, hoping that English royalists will join @ lhem.bOI.,e defealed ____~--.- wo'""'te,. / . · kms 0 25 I , , , 0 10 20 The CromwelIian conquest of Scotland 1650 to 1651 50,, 30 miles 75, , 50 100 60 144

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